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43590
Stress [3]
Description
Psychology Mind Map on Stress [3], created by Panesarp1 on 11/04/2013.
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psychology
psychology
Mind Map by
Panesarp1
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Panesarp1
about 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Stress [3]
Explaining daily hassles.
Accumulation effect: Accumulation of minor daily stressors which creates persistant irritations, frustrations + overloads. Results in serious ...
...Stress reactions, such as anxiety + depression.
Amplification effect: Chronic stress caused by negative life events may deplete a person's resources, making them more vunerable to the influence...
Real-World application.
Gulian et al found that ppts who reported a difficult day at work tended to report highter levels of stress on their drive home.
When unresolved hassles from the day (e.g. arguements with fellow workers) were carried forward, events such as the behaviour of other road users...
...Were more likely to be interpretated negatively by the stressed driver.
Pets as Daily hassles: Miller et al found gender differences in the impact of pets on an individuals life. For femailes, pets were commonly...
...Associated with uplifts (e.g. lesuire), but for males they were more lkely to be associated with hassles (e.g. cost of upkeep)
Workplace stress.
Marmot et al (1997) How? Longitudinal studies- Over 7000 civil servants were asked to complete a quesionnaire on workload, job control + The amount of
Social support recieved they recieve from others. The researchers also checked for signs of CD. 5 yrs later, the ppts were reassessed to see if...
Their health status changed. Showed? Marmot et al found no link between high workload + stress related illness suggesting that workload was not signif
...Factor in the development of stress-related illness. However, other studies (Johansson et al) have found that performing repetitive jobs that...
Require high levels of attention + responsibility were related to stress-related illness.
Control: Cival servants who initially reported low levels of job control were more likely to have developed heart disease than those who reported...
...High levels of job control. Association was independent of employment grade or other risk factors such as smoking, or physical activity.
The critical risk factor for the development of heart disease was the level of control.
Evaluation.
Individual differences: Schaubroeck et al found that workers respond differently to lack of control. Some people are less stressed by having no...
...Control or responsibility + show better immune responses in such situations.
Type A + Type B personalities.
Friedman + Rosenamn described the Type A personality.
Competitiveness + achievement striking.
Impatience + Time urgency.
Hostility + Aggressiveness
Characteristics believed to lead to raised BP and an increase in levels in stress hormones, both linked to ill health, development of CHD.
Type B - Contrast - E.g. easy going, relaxed, decreases risk of stress.
F + R (1960) Natural experiment + structured interview used to assess the personality of 3000 men between the ages of 39 + 59.
Questions also assessed the way the men responded to everyday pressures. Ppts were classed as Type A or Type B.
Heart Attacks (A) - 12.8% (B) 6.0% --Recurring Heart Attacks (A) - 2.6% (B) 1.1% --Fatal Heart Attacks (A) 2.7% (B) 1.1%
Showed? 8 yrs later, twice as many (12%) of those who had Type A personalities died of cardiovascular problems than those who were classified as TypeB
Hardy Personality.
Kobasa + Maddi - Claim that some people are more resistant to the harmful effects of strees because they have a "Hardy Personality" which consists of:
Control: Hardy people see themselves as being in control of their lives rather than being controlled by external factors.
Commitment: Hardy people are involved with the world around them + strong sense of purpose.
Challange: Life challanges are seen as problems to overcome rather than stressors.
Kobasa (1979) - How? The stress scrores of 800 business executieves were determined using Holmes+Rahe's SRRS + Hardiness was assessed using hardiness
Showed? Found that 150 of the executives were experiencing high levels of stress. However individuals differed in their illness record over the same..
..Period. Those with low levels of illness were more likely to have scored high on all 3 characteristics of the Hardy Personality + vice versa.
Maddi et al. Measured hardiness in employees of a company- dramatically reducing workforce over a period of 1 year. Found that 2/3 suffered stress...
...Related illness over the year, but the other third thrived, showing evidence of the three components of the Hardy Personality.
Evaluation.
Negative affectivitiy: May be a simpler explananation. Individuals with high NA dwell more on their failures + Negative aspects of themselves and...
...More likely to report disatisfaction + distress (Watson + Clark) Suggests that "Hardy" individuals are simply those that are low on NA.
Real world application: Concept of hardiness has been used to explain why some soldiers remain healthy, even under the extreme stress of combat.
1990 Gulf War soldiers, soldiers with higher levels of hardiness were better able to cope with combat stress without developing stress-related illness
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