2_QUANTUM MECHANIC & SPECIAL RELATIVITY

2_QUANTUM MECHANIC & SPECIAL RELATIVITY

1. Quantum Theory

   • Quantum
     • smallest amount of energy that a particle can emit
   • Classical Physic
     • -waves exhibit interference but particles not
     • -Particles can deliver their energy in discrete amount but waves not
   • Quantum world
     • Any objects including electromagnetic radiation and electrons can exhibit interference and transfer energy in discrete amount
   • Quantum Theory
     • The theoretical basic of modern physics that explains the nature and behaviour of matter and energy at the atomic subatomic levels

2. Photons & Quantum Theory Of Light

   • Work Function
     • minimum energy that required to remove an electron bound to a metal surface
   • Photoelectric Effect
     • Electrons ejected from a material when exposed to electromagnetic radiation.
   • Threshold Frequency (fo)
     • minimum frequency at which electrons are ejected from a metal
   • Einstein's Quantum theory Of light
     • Photon, a discrete bundle of energy carried by light
       • Photon posses energy and momentum
         • Compton effect
           • the elastic scattering of photons by high-energy photons

3. Wave Properties

   • Matter wave
     • the wave-like behaviour of particle with mass
   • De Broglie Wavelength
     • wavelength that associated with the motion of a particle possessing momentum of magnitude
   • Heisenberg Uncertainty principle
     • limit to how accurately measure simultaneous measurements of the position and momentum of quantum object
   • Interpreting Double Slit Experiment
     • Collapse interpretation
     • pilot wave interpretation
     • Many Worlds interpretation
     • coppenhagen interpretation

4. Time Dilation

   • slowing down of time in one reference frame moving relative to an observer in another frame of reference

5. Length Contraction

   • The shortening of length or distance in an inertial frame of reference moving relative to an observer in another inertial frame of reference
   • Proper Length (Ls)
     • The length of an object or distance between two points as measured by an observer who is stationary relative to the object or distance

6. Simultaneity

   • The occurrence of two or more events at the same time
     • Twin Paradox
       • thought experiment in which a traveller in one frame of reference returns from a voyage to learn that time has passed more slowly in his spacecraft relative to the passage of time on Earth.

7. Relativistic momentum

   • momentum of objects moving at speeds near the speed of light.
     • Rest mass
       • The mass of an object measured at rest with respect to the observer
     • Relativistic Mass
       • The mass of an object measured by observer moving with speed V with respect to object

8. Mass energy equivalence

   • Conservation of mass energy
     • The principle that rest mass and energy are equivalent
     • Rest Energy
       • The amount of energy an object at rest has with respect to an observer
   • Relativistic kinetic energy
     • The energy of an object in excess of its rest energy

9. Special theory of relativity

   • Einstein postulated
     • The principle of relativity
       • law of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference
     • speed of light particle
       • There is at least one inertial frame of reference in which for an observer at rest in this frame of reference, the speed of light, C , in a vacuum of independent of the motion of the source of light
   • All physical laws are the same in all inertial, the speed of light is independent of the motion of the light source or its observer in all inertial frames of reference

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