Edexcel GCSE Physics - P1 Topic 1

Edexcel GCSE Physics - P1 Topic 1

1. Ideas of the Solar System

   • Geocentric Model
     • Everything orbits around the Earth in perfect circles
     • Accepted by Ancient Greeks -> 1600s
   • Heliocentric Model
     • The Earth and the other planets orbit the Sun in elliptical circles
       • Evidence
         • 1610- Galileo observed Jupiter with Telescope
           • 3 stars moving in wrong direction. Then 4th star
             • Jupiter moons- not everything orbited Earth
     • First introduced by Copernicus in 1543

2. Waves

   • Wavelength= Distance between peaks
   • Frequency= Amount of complete waves in a second (Hertz-Hz)
   • Amplitude= Height of Wave
   • Speed= How fast it is
   • Speed(m/s)= Freq(Hz) x Wavelength(m)
   • Wave Speed(m/s)= Distance(m)/ Time(t)
   • Transverse
     • Vibrations are 90 degrees to Direction of Travel
     • 1. All Electromagnetic Waves
       • 2. S-Waves
         • 3. Water Ripples
   • Longitudinal
     • Vibrations travel same direction as travel
     • 1. Sound and Ultrasound
       • 2. P-Waves

3. Light

   • Reflection
     • Angle of Incidence=Angle of Reflection
     • When wave hits denser object some energy is reflected
   • Refraction
     • When wave hits denser object some energy is refracted
       • Change in density= change in speed
         • Slows down - bends towards normal
   • Lenses
     • Converging Lenses
       • Focus Light
       • Causes rays of light to converge (move together) to focus
     • Focal Length= Distance from lense to its focal point
     • Telescopes
       • Refracting Telescope
         • 2 Converging Lenses
         • Light goes through first lense and refracts towards focal point
           • Light continues into second lense thats refracts them towards eyes
       • Reflecting Telescope
         • Concave Mirror and Converging Lense
         • Concave Mirror reflects parallel light to mirror in front of focal point
           • Reflects light through hole in Concave mirror into converging lense
             • Magnifys image and refracts it into eye.
     • Concave Mirrors
       • Curved Mirror
         • Reflects
       • Incident Ray PARALLEL to the axis will pass THROUGH the focal point
       • Incident Ray THROUGH focal point will be PARALLEL when reflected
       • Point where reflected rays join is height of image

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