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62471
Gastrointestinal & endocrine pharmacology 2
Description
Mind Map on Gastrointestinal & endocrine pharmacology 2, created by tanitia.dooley on 30/04/2013.
Mind Map by
tanitia.dooley
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
tanitia.dooley
about 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Gastrointestinal & endocrine pharmacology 2
Inflammatory bowel disorder
Crohn's disease
Fever, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, abdominal mass, perianal disease-site: colon,ileum,jejunum,stomach,oesophagus=FISTULAS & CANCER
Genetic associations (polymorphisms)
smoking=increased risk
Ulcerative colitis
Fever, diarrhoea, abdominal pain,rectal bleeding-site: colon=INTESTINAL CANCER
smoking protects against it
Gut mucosa & bacteria
epithelial cells in contact with bacteria-epithelial cells form physical barrier to prevent them from getting into circa
exits in state of controlled physiological inflammation
delicate eqm between gut microbes,GIT physical barriers(epithelial cells etc),innate immune system that processes & present antigen to adaptive immune
adaptive immune tells it not to react against them=IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE
An inappropriate response to the presence of enteric antigens=IBD (immune response against GI bacteria)
dendritic cells pick up antigen=T cell proliferation
pathogenesis
Teff (activates macrophages=inflammation)
TH1= IFN-y & TNFa
CD associated with TG1 cytokine profile
TH2= IL-4 & IL-13
UC associated with TH2 cytokine profile
Cytokines start to damage gut cells
Treg
secretes TGF-b & IL-10= -ve effect on pro inflammatory cytokines
APCs can allow some bacteria to get across epithelium to immune system
Treatment of IBD
Antiinflammatory
1. Aminosalicylates
block prstaglandin production, inhibit inflammatory leukotriene syn,inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis-stop progression of inflammation
5-aminosalicylic acid/ Sulfasalazine (broken down to 5-ASA)/ Olsalazine/ Balsalazide
route of admin to be considered, indicated to maintain remission, need to decrease inflammation then these drugs maintain it
2. Corticosteroids
Hydrocortisone, Prednisone, Budesonide
increased lipocortin production, inhibit PLA2, decreased COX induction, decreased PG, PAF syn, decreased cytokine production
decreased T cell activation & proliferation, inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis
Adverse effect=Crushings syndrome
Immuno-suppressant regulatives
Methotrexate-inhibits purine syn/ Azothioprine & Mercaptopurine=DNA damage/cyclosporin A=interact with calcineurin needed for T cell activation=inhibi
Anti-TNF (infliximab)=targets secreted & cell bound TNF-blocks its effects on macrophages-adverse effects=reactivation of tuberculosis,lymphomas
Antibiotics/Probiotics
Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin, Probiotics (still in trials, if have imbalance in gut, this rebalances bacteria by certain species)
New biologicals
Fontolizumab- IFN-y block (proinflamm cytokine)-but req for anti-viral etc so side effects?
Abatacept- CD28 block-req for T cell activation
Visilizumab- CD3 block-T cell activator
Natalizumab- a4b7 & a4b1 block-alot of immune cells have these integrants for adhesion and entry into inflammatory tissues: block this entry
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