Cell Structure and Organisation

Cell Structure and Organisation

1. Types of Cells

   • Animal
     • Nucleus
       • Controls cellular activities and consists of chromatin which is made from DNA
       • cellular activites
       • Chromathin
         • DNA
     • mitochondria
       • Aerobic Respiration
     • Small vacuoles
       • Temporary
       • Water
       • Food substances
     • Ribosomes
       • Synthesize proteins
   • Plant
     • Cell membrane
       • Partially permeable membrane
       • Partially permeable membrane
     • Cellulose cell wall
       • Fully permeable and protects cell from injury and gives the cell its shape
       • Fully permeable membrane
       • Protects cell
       • Cell shape
     • Chlorophlast
       • Contain chlorophyll and are sites of photosynthesis, which is the process in which the plant produces food
       • Food
     • Large central vacuole
       • Filled with cell sap and is surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast
       • Cell sap
         • Water
         • Amino acids
         • mineral salts
     • Cytoplasm
       • Organelles

2. Adaptions

   • Red blood cells
     • Haemoglobin
       • Oxygen-carrying protein
     • Absent nucleus
       • Flattened bi-convave shape
         • Higher surface area to volume
           • Faster diffution
         • More flexible
   • Xylem Vessels
     • Xylem cells
     • Absence of protoplasm and cross-walls
       • Water not impeded
     • Deposition of lignin
       • Strengthens vessel walls

3. Organization of a multicellular organism

   • Cell
     • Most basic unit of a living organism
   • Tissue
     • Group of cells with same function found near to each other
   • Organ
     • Different tissues working together for a specific function or a group of functions
   • Organ system
     • Group of functionally related organs
   • Multicellular Organisum
     • Many organ systems working together