phobia

phobia

1. clinical characteristicts

   • physiological characteristics
     • ^ heart rate
     • tense muscles
     • persperation
     • fight or flight-stress response
   • affect every day life
   • emotional/mental chracteristics
     • anxiety
   • demographic factors
   • incidence +prevalace
     • 13% of us experience a phobia in a lifetime
   • course + prognosis
     • atleast 6 months
   • behavioural
     • avoidance
   • unreasonable
   • cognitive
     • anticipate consequences
     • irrational thoughts

2. classification systems

   • icd
   • dcm
   • less reliability without

3. issues with diagniosis and classification

   • culture relativism- kiak angst-inuits
   • interpretation? -subjective
   • threshold? -social phobia or shyness
   • validity
     • patient-social desirability/demand characteristics
     • criteria-icd or dcm?
       • individual diff?
       • misdiagnosis - too strict criteria
     • for treatment - primary problem-come back - lead to other problems
     • overlap of phobias
       • dual diagnosis/co-morbility- which one is dominant?
   • reliability
     • inter-rater reliability
       • skyre et al-54 patients-social phobia-scid-1- high agreement (+72)
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     • intra rater reliability
     • kendler - test retest- long term (8yrs) reliability low
   • detectable than other disorders -physical characteristics
   • ethics- labelling
   • medicalization
     • are he behaviours medical problems that require fixing?

4. types

   • agrophobia
   • social
   • specefic
     • e.g arachnophobia