Bacteria - created from Mind Map

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Respiratory Pathogens

Direct Contact

Streptococcus

Corynebacterium Diphteria

Gram +ve, Nonmotile, rod shaped, aerobic

Bordetella Pertussis

Gram -ve

Obligate aerobe

coccobacillus

Class: proteobacter

Affects ciliated cells

Mycobacterium

Aerobic

Nonendospore forming

Class Actinobacteria

Form rope like arrangement due to cord factor glycolipid

Have mycolic acid cell wall and this makes it resistant to drying and to antiseptics and to disinfectants

Neisseria Meningitidis

Aerobic

Nonmotile

Gram -ve

Paired

Catalaze and Oxidase positive

Only affects Humans

Pyogenes

Viridian

Diseases

Virulence Factors

Pharyngitis

Otitis

Scarlet Fever

Imeptigo

Delayed : Glomerulonephritis

Delayed : Rheumatic Fever

Streptolysin S and O

Streptokinase

C5a Peptidas

M Protein

Exotoxin A Superantigen

Disease

Virulent Factors

Cutaneous Diphteria

Respiratory Diphteria

Bacterium enters the body via respiratory tract and attaches to throat and tonsils.

- symptoms include malaise, sore throat, and low grade fever. As the disease evolve a thick pseudomembrane

composed of bacteria, lymphocytes, fibrin, and dead tissues, covers the tonsils and can totally block the passage of air to lungs

Treatment: Penicillin or Erythromycin or Diphteria antitoxin Prevention: Formalin treated exotoxin vaccine

Diphteria Exotoxin due to TOX gene of Bacteriophage Beta, Blocks host protein syntesis

Disease Whoooping Cough

Virulence Facores

Treatment : Erythromycin Prevention: whole cell inactivated vaccine

Protein Adhesin

Include Pertactin and Hemagglutinin

They adhere to Epithelial Cells

Pertussis Toxin

AB exotoxin- 1 A subunit and pentameric B

ADP ribosylating activity for G proteins - Increase cAMP levels

Adenylate Cyclase

Toxin with dual activity

1-Adenylate cyclase

2-Hemolysin

Tracheal Cytotoxin

TCT - disaccharide tetrapeptide

M. Tuberculosis

M. Leprae

Infects macrophages and Schwann cells

Disease : Pneumonitis - compromised patients

Binds to surface receptors of the macrophages and prevents lysozomal fusion with the phagosome

Treatment : Isoniazid and Rifampicin Prevention: Vaccination with attenuated M. Bovis

Disease

Lepromatous Form with bulbed legions on the body

Tuberculoid form less severe having less lesions and strong T cell resp

Disease

Virulence Factors

Bacteremia

Meningitis

Inflammation of the lining of the CNS

Treatment : Antibiotic as Prophylaxis for family members Prevention: NO LONG TERM VACCINE

Type 4 Pili

Allow cell surface adhesion

Could have antigenic variation

OPA proteins

Opacity associated proteins

Outermembrane proteins

Could undergo phase variation and thus be switched on or off independent of one another (4 types)

Not required for initial colonization but are needed for invasion

Lipooligosaccharides

Polysacch capsule

Porins

OPA HS

a- Opa-HS: bind heparan sulfateproteoglycans

b- Opa-CEA: bind to CEACAM family on several cell type.

Opa induce CEACAM expression on endothelial cells. Hence they become permissive to infection with Nisseria. CEACAM=Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (Ig)

OPA CEA

Staphylococcus

Facultative Anaerobes

Gram +ve

Catalase +ve

Infect skin and Wounds

HelioBacter Pylori

Gram -ve

Motile

Spiral

Polar flagella

Affects the mucosa

S. Epidermidis

S. Auereus

Coagulase Positive

Diseases

Virulence Factors

Arthritis

Pneumonia

Skin infxn

Capsule

Protein A

Coats S. Aureus

Bound to PGN

Prevents Antibody Mediated immune clearance

Forms immune complexes with antibodies

Hyaluronidase

Breaks down H acid

Lipases

hydorlysis lipases

allows cutaneous and subc invasion

S. Aureus Toxins

Cytolytic Toxins

Enterotoxins

Toxic Shock Tpxin 1

Disease

Virulence Factors

Gastritis

Gastroduodenal Ulcer

Carcinoma

Urease and Urea Transporter UreI

UreI is a urea transporter in the bacterial innermembrane, converted into bicarbonate and ammonia

Vacuolating Cytotoxin A

Toxin secreted by T5SS

Assembles into oligomeric structures and inserts in the membranes forming anion selective channels

It causes vacoulation of the eukaryotic cellsm damages mitochondria, activates intracellular signaling pathways, increases transepithelial influx of some molecules, changed activity of immune cells

CagA

secreted by T4SS

Disrupts epithelial jxn

Causes morpho-changes

oncogenic

Adhesins

used for attachment to epithelial cells.