Flashcards
Practical Techniques in Organic Synthesis
Cards in this deck (9)
- 1Organic reactions are slow and the substances are usually flammable and volatile. What is the problem with heating them with a Bunsen burner?The substances will evaporate or catch fire before they have time to react
- 2What is done to overcome the problems associated with organic substances being flammable and volatile?Refluxing a reaction
- 3Describe the process of refluxThe mixture is heated in a flask fitted with a vertical Liebig condenser.
Anti-bumping granules are also added to make boiling smoother. - 4What is the purpose of distillation?To separate liquids with different boiling points
- 5Describe the method of distillationDistillation involves gently heating a mixture in a distillation apparatus. The substances will evaporate out of the mixture in order of increasing boiling point.
- 6What can be used to purify a product that is insoluble in water?Use a separating funnel to remove any impurities that do dissolve in water (e.g. salts or water-soluble organic compounds like alcohols)
- 7How do separating funnels work?The organic layer is normally less dense than the aqueous layer, so should float on top. Most of the water-soluble impurities should have dissolved in the lower aqueous layer. A stopper can then be used to run off the aqueous layer and collect the product.
- 8If you use separation to purify a product, the organic layer will end up containing trace amounts of water. What must be done to completely purify the product?It must be dried - you add an anhydrous salt (e.g. MgSO₄ or CaCl₂). The salt is used as a drying agent.
The mixture is then filtered to remove the agent - 9How do anhydrous salts act as drying agents?It binds to any water present to become hydrated
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- User has deleted their subject information Flashcards on Practical Techniques in Organic Synthesis, created by Deleted user on 12/03/2018.
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- Deleted user · Mar 2018
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- Mar 12, 2018
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- Created by Yinka F · Mar 9, 2018
- Copied by Yinka F · Mar 12, 2018
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