Flashcards
6A - Paediatric medications
Cards in this deck (15)
- 1Neurological systemtightly packed epithelial cells
blood - brain barrier to prevent most proteins and polarised molecules from entering the brain
lipidssoluble molecules can pass through the blood- brain easily, most chemicals are kept out - 2Neurological system continuedprotective blood brain barrier not developed in children
ie morphine can cause resp depression, more dramatic in children - 3Cardiavascular systemstandard blood volume is:
neonate - 85-90mls/kg
child 75-80ml/kg
adult 70-75ml/kg - 4Cardiovascular system continuesheart less development, increase strength of contraction
increase in heart rate and contractile force
peripheral vasoconstriction occurs earlier - less effective in circulating blood volume
hypotension last sign in children
stroke volume decreases as blood volume decreases - 5Body compositionrelative to their size, consist up to 70% water
water - soluble drugs more dilute in a child
dehydration can quickly affect how drugs are transported by blood stream
most is extracellular fluid
fluid loss rapid - 6Respiratory systemsmall airway - excessive secretions and inflammation
promote brochodilation
supplemental oxygen
higher oxygen consumption rate
hypoxemia - major sign of bradycardia - 7Gastrointestinal systemsmall - infant holds 90mls, 1 year 360 mls
oral drugs reduce oral food intake
absorption of drugs are faster - 8Endocrine systemsmaller glycogen stores, increases glucose demand
predisposes to hypoglycaemia, and glucagon may be less effective
convert and remove drugs more slowly - newborn
metabolism elevated - 9Renal systemnormal urine output is 2m/kg/hr
cannot conserve fluids well
increase waste-production rate
higher urine production rate - 10Drug administrationsmaller but more frequent doses
doses are weight based
if unknown use a height - 11Fluid administrationprefer IV fluids containing dextrose due to increased metabolic rate and demand
- 12Pain managementbegins with oxygen
paracetemol is most common
fentanyl can cause chest rigidity , morphine resp distress in high doses - 13Medication errorsAPINCH - classify medications according to risk
active failures - unsafe acts committed by staff in direct contact
latent conditions - arise made by designers, management, error waiting to happen - 14Medication errors: actionsactions should include:
address underlying cause
use numerous risk reduction
use strategies that have impact on management
assess effectiveness
be sustainable - 15IM medicationvastus lateralis site for infants and children less than 2 years
more than 2 years ventral gluteal
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- User has deleted their subject information Flashcards on 6A - Paediatric medications, created by Deleted user on 23/06/2018.
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- Deleted user · Jun 2018
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- Jun 23, 2018
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- Created by Elizabeth Then · Jun 15, 2018
- Copied by Elizabeth Then · Jun 23, 2018
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