Psychoanalytic Theories

Psychoanalytic Theories

Object Relations Theory

Development Theory

Behavioral Theory

Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Humanistic Theory

Freud

Unconscious

*Talk Cure

*Hypnosis, then free association, then dream interpretation

Erikson

Ego Growth

*Neo-Freudian

* More Society & Culture

* Physical, social, intellectual factors

*Sense of purpose

8 Problem solving

* Skill acquisition

Jean Piaget

*Studied children

* Abstract reasoning

Havinghurst

*Development a continuous process

* Tasks accomplished @ stages

Ivan Pavlov

* Russian physiologist

* Digestion

* Pavlov's dogs

B.F. Skinner

* Air-crib

* Skinner Rat box

Albert Ellis

* RET/REBT

*Worked with ABCD's of Experience

Albert Bandura

* Social Modeling Theory

* Learn via Imitation

* More effect vs. trial/error approach

* Bobo Dolls

* Aggressive behavior learned via observation

Carl Rogers

* Client Centered therapy vs. Patient

* Feelings/choices

* Empathy

* Theory: A single "life force" called Actualizing Tendency

* Based on Maslow's Self-Actualization

* Warm, non-directive therapist

Abraham Maslow

* More a theorist than therapist

* People basically trustworthy, self-protecting, self-governing

* Self fulfillment

* Assumptions

2 Basic Drives

1. sexual/life

2. Agression/death

Id, Ego, Superego

5 Stages of Development

1. Oral

2. Anal

3. Phallic

4. Latent

5. Genital

Defense Mechanisms:

Repression

Denial

Projection

Rationalization

Conversion

Regression

Undoing

Idealization

Identification

Sublimation

Substitution

Displacement

Compensation

Terms

1. Epigenetic principle

2. Developmental lag

8 Stages - Development Tasks

1. oral sensory - Trust vs Mistrust

2. anal muscular - Autonomy vs Shame/doubt

3. genital-locomotor - Initiative vs. Guilt

4. latency - Industry vs Inferiority

5. adolescence - Identity vs Role Confusion

6. young adult - Intimacy vs Isolation

7. middle adult - Generativity vs Stagnation

8. late adult/maturity - Ego integrity vs Despair

4 Stages Sequential Development

1. Sensorimotor

2. Pre-operational

3. Concrete operations

4. Formal operations

Terms

1. Assimilation: new info incorporated into existing ideas.

2. Accommodation: new info = modify ideas

3. Adaptation: functional, cognitive or behavioral trait that benefits an organism in its environment.

4. Conservation: logical thinking

5. Seriation: sorting

6. Object Impermanence: thinking things disappear

7. Reversibility: things can go back to original condition

8. Schemas: a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them.

Tasks: Physical/Intellectual

Social/Personal

1. Infancy

2. Toddlerhood

3. Early childhood

4. Middle childhood

3 pushes

5. Adolescence

6. Early adulthood

7. Middle adulthood

8. Later maturity

5 Functions of Work

1. Income

2. Expenditure of time & energy

3. Identification & Status

4. Association

5. Source of meaningful life experience

Classical Conditioning = Physical Responses

Terms:

1. Unconditional stimulus

2. Unconditional response

3. Conditioned stimulus

4. Conditioned response

Operant Conditioning = Action/ Consequence

Terms:

1. Reinforcement

2. Terminal behavior

3. Shaping

4. Chaining

5. Schedule of reinforcement

6. Extinction

RET/REBT w/ ABCD's of Experience

Terms:

1. Activating agent

2. Belief

3. Consequences

4. Disputation

5. Corrective emotional experience

Focus of Therapy

Divide beliefs into rational vs. irrational

Learn via 4 Processes

1. Attention

2. Retention

3. Reproduction

4. Motivation

Terms:

1. Non-directive

2. Unconditional positive regard

3. Accurate empathy

4. Open invite to talk

5. Minimal response

6. Reflection of Feeling

7. Paraphrasing

8. Warmth/Withhold judgment

Hierarchy of Needs

Deficit Needs (Basic Human)

1. physiological

2. safety

3. love & belonging

4. esteem

Being Needs (most people never arrive here)

5. Self-Actualization

Mental Health/Illness determined by relationships w/Objects (Human/non-Human) & Environment

Central concept: all behavior learned/acquired through conditioning

Basis: All behavior based on what we think/believe.

Automatic Thoughts: inappropriate/irrational thinking patterns

Events neutral: receive meaning from our thoughts

Attribution: Meaning placed on event or situation

Divide child development into distinct stages characterized by qualitative differences in behavior.

An approach which studies the whole person & uniqueness of each individual.