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BVetMed3: The Diagnostic Approach to CV Disease

Deleted user 62 questions Updated 13 Apr 2019

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1Which of the following is NOT a reason for heart failure occurring?
1. APump failure
2. BVolume Overload
3. CPressure Overload
4. DArrhythmias
5. EDiastolic Heart Failure
6. FHypertrophy
2Coronary vascular disease can be attributed to which main cause of heart failure?
1. APump failure
2. BVolume Overload
3. CPressure Overload
4. DArrhythmia
5. EDiastolic Failure
3Which of the following cardiovascular diseases primarily result in volume overload?
1. APatent Ductus Arteriosus
2. BDilated Cardiomyopathy
3. CHypertension
4. DArrhythmia
5. EPericardial Effusion
4Mitral insufficiency can result in which main cause of heart failure?
1. APump failure
2. BVolume Overload
3. CArrhythmia
4. DDiastolic Failure
5. EPressure Overload
5Pulmonic and aortic stenosis can lead to which main cause of heart failure?
1. APressure Overload
2. BArrhythmia
3. CVolume Overload
4. DPump Failure
5. EDiastolic Failure
6Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pericardial effusion can result in which main cause of heart failure
1. ADiastolic failure
2. BArrhythmia
3. CPump Failure
4. DVolume Overload
5. EPressure Overload
7Which of the following diseases results in BOTH diastolic failure and pump failure?
1. APericardial effusion
2. BDilated cardiomyopathy
3. CHypertrophic cardiomyopathy
4. DCoronary vascular disease
5. EChronic Anaemia
8Which of the following adaptive responses works to decrease the volume in circulation?
1. AAngiontensin II
2. BADH
3. CNatriuretic peptides
4. DAldosterone
9A drop in cardiac output results in a
1. Aa decrease in parasympathetic activity and an increase in sympathetic activity
2. Ban increase in parasympathetic activity and a decrease in sympathetic activity
3. Ca decrease in both parasympathetic activity and sympathetic activity
4. Dan increase in both parasympathetic activity and sympathetic activity
10Which of the following is NOT a trait of norepinephrine?
1. Apositive chronotrope
2. Bpositive inotrope
3. Cvasoconstriction
4. Dnegative luisitrope

11The release of which of the following will increase circulating fluid volume WITHOUT increasing the sodium concentration?
1. AAngiontensin II
2. BADH
3. CAldosterone
4. DNatriuretic peptides
12Increased levels of which of the following is seen as major a "biomarker" of heart failure?
1. AProstaglandins
2. BADH
3. CNatruiretic peptides
4. DIntracellular calcium
13Which of the following would result in concentric hypertrophy?
1. AAortic stenosis
2. BMitral regurgitation
3. CPatent Ductus Arteriosus
4. DArrhythmia
14Which of the following results in eccentric hypertrophy?
1. APump failure
2. BVolume Overload
3. CPressure Overload
4. DArrhythmia
5. EDiastolic failure
15Which of the following is NOT a consequence of disturbing the Starling equilibrium?
1. AVenous occlusion
2. BVasculitis
3. CHyperproteinaemia
4. DLymphoedema
16Forward heart failure is
1. AInadequate output at normal pressures
2. BAdequate output at abnormal pressures
3. Cinadequate output at abnormal pressures
17What is the correct order of a physical exam of the cardiovascular system?
1. Aobservation > palpation > percussion > auscultation
2. Bobservation > percussion > palpation > auscultation
3. Cobservation > percussion > auscultation > palpation
4. Dobservation > auscultation > palpation > percussion
18Tissue perfusion can be estimated via
1. Amucous membrane color
2. Bcapillary refill time
3. Cpalpating the precordium
4. Drespiratory rate
19Which is not an artery site to check for a pulse in a horse?
1. AFacial artery
2. BTransverse Facial artery
3. CMedian Artery
4. DDigital Artery
5. ECoccygeal artery
20Percussion is used to detect
1. Athe apex beat
2. Bpulse intensity
3. Careas of dullness
4. Dvenous congestion
21The apex of the heart can be auscultated on the
1. Acaudal, left side
2. Bcranial, left side
3. Ccaudal, right side
4. Dcranial, right side
22This is the left hand side of a horse. Label what you would auscultate at each site.
1. Apulmonic
2. Baortic
3. Cmitral
4. Dapex beat
5. EPulmonic
6. FAortic
7. GMitral
8. HApex Beat
9. IPulmonic
10. JAortic
11. KMitral
12. LApex Beat
13. MPulmonic
14. NAortic
15. OMitral
16. PApex Beat
23When would you hear a murmur due to mitral insufficiency?
1. Asystole
2. Bdiastole
24When would you hear a systolic murmur, if a heart beat is described as "lub-dub"?
1. ABetween lub and dub
2. BAfter the dub
3. CBoth between the lub and dub, and after the dub
25On auscultating a dog's heart, you hear a systolic murmur on the apex of the left side. This suggests
1. Amitral insufficiency
2. Btricuspid insufficiency
3. Cventricular septal defect
4. Daortic/pulmonic stenosis
5. Emitral stenosis
6. Faortic/pulmonic insufficiency
26On auscultating a dog's heart, you hear a systolic murmur on the base of the left side. This suggests
1. AMitral Insufficiency
2. BTricuspid Insufficiency
3. CAortic/Pulmonic Insufficiency
4. DAortic/Pulmonic Stenosis
5. EVentricular Septal Defect
6. FMitral Stenosis
27What type of murmur would suggest pulmonic insufficiency?
1. AA diastolic murmur at the base of the left side
2. BA systolic murmur at the base of the left side
3. CA systolic murmur at the cranial border
4. DA diastole murmur at the apex of the left side
5. EA diastolic murmur at the cranial aspect of the right side
28On auscultation, you hear a heart murmur that is louder than S1 and S2 but you cannot palpate any precordial thrill. How would you grade this murmur?
1. AGrade 1
2. BGrade 2
3. CGrade 3
4. DGrade 4
5. EGrade 5
6. FGrade 6
29At what grade would you possibly hear a heart murmur radiate in a particular direction?
1. AGrade 1
2. BGrade 2
3. CGrade 3
4. DGrade 4
5. EGrade 5
6. FGrade 6
30What type of murmur can radiate dorsally?
1. AAortic
2. BPulmonic
3. CMitral
31A gallop sound during auscultation suggests
1. Apoor systolic contraction of the ventricle
2. Bpoor diastolic relaxation of the ventricle
3. Ca mitral murmur
4. Dan aortic murmur
32Which of the following is a loop diuretic?
1. AFurosemide
2. BSpironolactone
3. CChlorothiazide
4. DAmiloride
33Which of the following could NOT be used to correct increased preload?
1. AFurosemide
2. BACE Inhibitor
3. CPimobendan
4. DDigoxin
34Which of the following is NOT a risk of diuresis?
1. AHypovolaemia
2. BHypertension
3. CRAAS Stimulation
4. DElectrolyte disturbance
35Which of the following is NOT a balanced vasodilator?
1. AGlyceryl trinitrate
2. BACE inhibitor
3. CPimobendan
4. DNitroprusside
36Which of the following would reduce the regurgitation associated with mitral insufficiency?
1. Aglyceryl trinitrate
2. Bfurosemide
3. Cspironolactone
4. Dpimobendan
37Which of the following would indicate the use of digoxin?
1. AAtrial fibrillation
2. BHypertrophic cardiomyopathy
3. CMitral insufficiency
4. DAortic stenosis
38What would an aortic "flow" murmur sound on auscultation?
1. Acrescendo-decrescendo between S1 and S2
2. Bdecrescendo after S2
3. Cplateau between S1 and S2
4. Dplateau between S2 and S3
39Which is FALSE regarding aortic flow murmurs?
1. Arelatively rare
2. Busually below grade 3
3. Conly has local radiation
4. Doften seen in fit horses
40What would a functional mitral valve regurgitation sound like?
1. Acrescendo-decrescendo between S1 and S2
2. Bplateau between S1 and S2
3. Cdecrescendo after S2
4. Dcrescendo after S2
41What is the point of maximum intensity (PMI) of pathological mitral regurgitation?
1. Aleft 3rd intercostal space
2. Bleft 4th intercostal space
3. Cleft 5th intercostal space
4. Dleft 6th intercostal space
42What type of pathological regurgitation is plateau-shaped, radiates craniodorsally and has a PMI at the right 4th intercostal space?
1. AAortic regurgitation
2. BMitral regurgitation
3. CTricuspid regurgitation
4. DPulmonary regurgitation
43What shape does an pathological aortic regurgitation murmur have?
1. Acrescendo-decrescendo between S1-S2
2. Bplateau between S1-S2
3. Cdecrescendo between S1-S2
4. Ddecrescendo after S2
44A bounding or "hyperkinetic" arterial pulse is a sign of significant heart disease in
1. Amitral regurgitation
2. Btricuspid regurgitation
3. Caortic regurgitation
45What is the most common form of valve pathology?
1. AEndocardiosis
2. BValve prolapse
3. CRuptured chordae tendineae
4. DBacterial endocarditis
46Ruptured chordae tendinae is more common with the
1. Aaortic valve
2. Bmitral valve
3. Cpulmonary valve
4. Dtricuspid valve
47Which of the following often can cause sudden death or acute cardiac failure?
1. Avalve prolapse
2. Bruptured chordae tendineae
3. Cchanges in ventricular size
4. Dhypovoaemia
48What is the most common congenital cardiac defect in large animals?
1. Aventricular septal defect
2. Bpatent ductus arteriosus
3. Cvalve dysplasia
49Ventricular septal defects are in the [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] part of the septum.
1. Adorsal
2. Bventral
3. Ccranial
4. Dcaudal
50The intensity of a murmur associated with a ventricular septal defect is [blank_start]inversely[blank_end] proportional to the size of the defect.
1. Ainversely
2. Bdirectly
51With ventricular septal defects, a [blank_start]RHS[blank_end] murmur is associated with a [blank_start]LV to RV[blank_end] shunt.
1. ARHS
2. BLHS
3. CLV to RV
4. DRV to LV
52With ventricular septal defects, a LHS murmur is associated with a
1. Afunctional pulmonic stenosis
2. Bfunctional aortic stenosis
3. Cdegenerative pulmonic stenosis
4. Ddegenerative aortic stenosis
53For VSD murmurs, a left hand side murmur's shape is [blank_start]crescendo-decrescendo[blank_end] has a grade of [blank_start]3-6[blank_end] and has wide radiation.
1. Acrescendo-decrescendo
2. Bplateau
3. Cdecrescendo
4. Dcrescendo
5. E3-6
6. Fless than 3
54For VSD murmurs, a right hand side murmur's shape is [blank_start]plateau[blank_end] has a grade of [blank_start]3-6[blank_end] and has wide radiation.
1. Aplateau
2. Bcrescendo-decrescendo
3. Ccrescendo
4. Ddecrescendo
5. E3-6
6. Fless than 3
55Lymphosarcoma in cattle can result from
1. ABovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV)
2. BBVDV
3. CLeptospira spp.
4. DBovine Herpes Virus 1
56Which is FALSE regarding pericardial effusions in horses?
1. AThey tend to be idiopathic
2. BIn cases of pericarditis, they tend to develop fibrinous effusions
3. CEVA can develop into pericarditis
4. DPrognosis tends to be poor even with treatment
57Bacterial endocarditis mainly affects which area of the heart in ruminants?
1. ATricuspid
2. BPulmonic
3. CMitral
4. DAortic
5. ETricuspid and Pulmonic
6. FMitral and Aortic
58Bacterial endocarditis usually affects which area of the heart in horses?
1. ATricuspid and pulmonic
2. BTricuspid
3. CPulmonic
4. DMitral
5. EAortic
6. FMitral and Aortic
59Which of the following develops secondary to pulmonary hypertension?
1. Acor pulmonale
2. Bbacterial endocarditis
3. Cruptured chordae tendineae
4. Dmitral valve disease
60Which of the following is NOT a sign of right-sided heart failure?
1. Asubcutaneous oedema
2. Bjugular venous distension
3. Cdyspnoea
4. Dtachypnoea
5. Epulmonary oedema
6. Ftachycardia
61Which of the following diseases is associated with catheters in horses?
1. AThrombophlebitis
2. BCor pulmonale
3. CBacterial endocarditis
4. DLymphosarcoma
62Where does exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage originate?
1. Acaudodorsal lung lobes
2. Bcraniodorsal lung lobes
3. Ccaudoventral lung lobes
4. Dcranioventral lung lobes

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BVetMed3: The Diagnostic Approach to CV Disease

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