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L32 Clinical Pharmacolgy of T2DM

Deleted user 9 questions Updated 26 May 2019

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  1. 1Insulin homeostasis:
    - Under fasting conditions, insulin is released in a [blank_start]pulsatile[blank_end] manner every [blank_start]10-14[blank_end] mins​.
    - In response to increased glucose:​
    Phase 1:​ insulin release within [blank_start]seconds[blank_end]​, peak at [blank_start]3-5[blank_end] mins​
    Phase 2: more [blank_start]gradual[blank_end] release with a [blank_start]lower[blank_end] peak​
    1. Apulsatile
    2. B10-14
    3. Cseconds
    4. D3-5
    5. Egradual
    6. Flower
  2. 2Choose the incorrect statement about insulin.
    1. AInsulin acts on a plasma membrane receptor which activates a cascade of signalling events.
    2. BInsulin has anabolic effects resulting in uptake, use, and storage of glucose, lipids, and amino acids.​
    3. CInsulin inhbits glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis.
    4. DInsulin controls gene transcription and mRNA translation.​
  3. 3Which of these is not a diabetic medication used in NZ?
    1. AExogenous insulin
    2. BSulphonyureas
    3. CDPP-4 inhibitors
    4. DAlpha glucosidase inhibitors
    5. EBiguanides
    6. F1,4-DDPs
    7. GThiazolidinediones
  4. 4Sulphonylureas stimulate insulin release by binding to a specific site on the beta islet cell's [blank_start]KATP channel[blank_end] complex (SUR) and [blank_start]inhibiting[blank_end] its activity. Inhibition causes cell membrane [blank_start]depolarisation[blank_end] and insulin [blank_start]secretion[blank_end].
    Their effect declines over [blank_start]time[blank_end] because of down-regulation of cell surface [blank_start]receptors[blank_end] and​ progression of beta islet cell failure​.
    Side effects are hypoglycaemia and initial [blank_start]weight[blank_end] gain​, less-common side effects include nausea, vomiting, cholestatic jaundice, and agranulocytosis.​
    1. AKATP channel
    2. Binhibiting
    3. Cdepolarisation
    4. Dsecretion
    5. Etime
    6. Freceptors
    7. Gweight
  5. 5DPP-4 is dipeptidyl peptidase 4, a serine protease that is widely distributed throughout the body​. It [blank_start]inactivates[blank_end] GLP-1​. Inhibiting [blank_start]DPP-4[blank_end] cause increase in plasma [blank_start]GLP-1[blank_end], resulting in higher insulin secretion.​
    1. Ainactivates
    2. BDPP-4
    3. CGLP-1
  6. 6Alpha glucosidase inhibitors reduce the intestinal [blank_start]absorption[blank_end] of starch, dextrin, and disaccharides ​by inhibiting the action of [blank_start]α-glucosidase[blank_end] in the intestinal brush border​.
    They are taken [blank_start]before[blank_end] each meal and not absorbed​. They are often used in [blank_start]combination[blank_end] with other meds.
    Side effects are malabsorption, flatulence, diarrhoea, and abdominal bloating​.
    1. Aabsorption
    2. Bα-glucosidase
    3. Cbefore
    4. Dcombination
  7. 7Biguanides include metformin. Metformin reduces [blank_start]hepatic[blank_end] glucose production by [blank_start]reducing[blank_end] gluconeogenesis.​
    It activates [blank_start]AMP-dependent protein kinase[blank_end] (AMPK), leading to stimulation of:​
    - hepatic [blank_start]fatty acid[blank_end] oxidation
    - [blank_start]glucose[blank_end] uptake
    - non-oxidative glucose [blank_start]metabolism[blank_end]
    - [blank_start]reduction[blank_end] of lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. ​
    Side effects are GI: nausea, indigestion, abdominal cramps, bloating, diarrhoea​.
    1. Ahepatic
    2. Breducing
    3. CAMP-dependent protein kinase
    4. Dfatty acid
    5. Eglucose
    6. Fmetabolism
    7. Greduction
  8. 8Thiazolidinediones are PPAR-gamma inhibitors that cause insulin sensitisation.
    The PPARγ receptor is a [blank_start]nuclear hormone receptor[blank_end] involved in the regulation of genes related to [blank_start]glucose and lipid metabolism[blank_end].​ PPARγ receptors are expressed primarily in adipose tissue. They promote uptake of circulating fatty acids into [blank_start]fat[blank_end] cells, and glucose uptake into [blank_start]muscle and adipose[blank_end] tissue.​ They [blank_start]reduce[blank_end] insulin resistance.
    Side effects are weight [blank_start]gain[blank_end] and oedema​.
    1. Anuclear hormone receptor
    2. Bglucose and lipid metabolism
    3. Cfat
    4. Dmuscle and adipose
    5. Ereduce
    6. Fgain
  9. 9SGLT2 is a Na+-glucose cotransporter located in the proximal portion of the [blank_start]renal[blank_end] tubule. It reabsorbs [blank_start]glucose[blank_end]. SGLT2 inhibitors [blank_start]block[blank_end] glucose transport thus [blank_start]lowering[blank_end] blood glucose.​
    Side effects:
    - A 1%-2% increase in lower [blank_start]urinary tract[blank_end] infections.​
    - A 3%-5% increase in [blank_start]genital[blank_end] mycotic infections. ​
    - Mild [blank_start]diuresis[blank_end], which can lead to hypotension. ​
    - Effectiveness decreases by 40%–80% in kidney disease (GFR 60–30 mL/min). ​
    1. Arenal
    2. Bglucose
    3. Cblock
    4. Dlowering
    5. Eurinary tract
    6. Fgenital
    7. Gdiuresis

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User has deleted their subject information Quiz on L32 Clinical Pharmacolgy of T2DM, created by Deleted user on 16/04/2019.
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Deleted user
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Created on 16 Apr 2019 · updated on 26 May 2019
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