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PSY204 Attitudes, Persuasion, and Attitude Change

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1A relatively enduring organisation of beliefs, feelings and behavioural tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups, events or symbols.
1. AAttitude
2. BPersonality
3. CAttribute
4. DCognition
2A group of attitude theories stressing that people try to maintain internal consistency, order and agreement among their various cognitions.
1. ACognitive Consistency Theories
2. BCognitive Dissonance Theory
3. CBalance Theories
4. DInternal Consistency Theories
3People prefer attitudes that are consistent with each other over those that are inconsistent. A person (P) tries to maintain consistency in attitudes to, and relationships with, other people (O) and elects of the environment (X).
1. ABalance Theory
2. BSociocognitive Model
3. CInduced Compliance
4. DInformation Integration Theory
4An unpleasant state of psychological tension generated when a person has two or more cognitions (bits of information) that are inconsistent or do not fit together.
1. ACognitive Dissonance Theory
2. BEffort Justification
3. CInformation Integration Theory
4. DSelf-perception Theory
5Inconsistency experienced when a person makes a considerable effort to achieve a modest goal.
1. AEffort Justification
2. BFree Choice
3. CInduced Compliance
4. DSpreading Attitude Effect
6Inconsistency experienced when a person is persuaded to behave in a way that is contrary to an attitude.
1. AInduced Compliance (p. 225)
2. BEffort Justification (p. 223)
3. CFree Choice (p. 228)
4. DPersuasive Communication (p. 197)
7Inconsistency experienced in decision making when deciding between two similar choices each with merit.
1. AFree Choice (p. 228)
2. BInduced Compliance (p. 225)
3. CEffort Justification (p. 223)
4. DIndecisiveness
8The process of forming our attitudes, mainly from our own experiences, the influences of others and our emotional reactions.
1. AAttitude Formation
2. BModelling
3. CAttitude Strength.
4. DAttitude Stability
9Repeated exposure to an object results in greater attraction to that object.
1. AMere exposure effect
2. BDirect experience
3. CContinuous exposure effect
4. DExperience effect
10Pairing a neutral stimulus with a unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned resopnse.
1. AClassical conditioning
2. BOperant conditioning
3. CStimulus exposure
4. DInstrumental conditioning

11Consistently pairing a stimulus with stimuli that are either positive or negative to produce positive or negative affect towards the conditioned stimulus.
1. AEvaluative Conditioning (p. 175)
2. BSpreading Attitude Effect (p. 176)
3. COperant Conditioning (Or Instrumental Conditioning) (p. 177)
4. DReactance (Brehm) (p. 232)
12A liked or disliked person (or attitude object) may affect not only the evaluation of a second person directly associated but also others merely associated with the second person.
1. ASpreading attitude effect
2. BShared evaluation effect
3. CAssociated attitude effect
4. DObject transference
13Tendency for a person to reproduce the actions, attitudes and emotional responses exhibited by a real-life or symbolic model.
1. AModelling
2. BObservational learning
3. CVicarious learning
4. DVicarious reinforcement
14Idea that you gain knowledge about yourself by making an attribution or explanation of your own behaviour.
1. ASelf-perception theory
2. BForming attitudes
3. CModelling
4. DInsight
15Producing a consequence for a behaviour to either increase or decrease the strength of that behaviour.
1. AOperant conditioning
2. BClassical conditioning
3. CStimulus strength
4. DObservational learning
16Attitude formation learning sources
1. AParents
2. BPeers
3. CMass Media and The Internet
4. DEnvironment
17Message intended to change an attitude and related behaviours of an audience.
1. APersuasive Communication
2. BSemantics
3. CAttention Comprehension
4. DModerating
18The point of origin of a persuasive communication.
1. ASource
2. BMessage
3. CAudience
4. DCommunicator
19Communication from a source directed to an audience.
1. AMessage
2. BSource
3. CAudience
4. DSignal
20Intended target of a persuasive communication.
1. AAudience
2. BMessage
3. CSource
4. DReceiver
21Where the impact of a persuasive message increases over time when a discounting cue, such as an invalid source, can no longer be recalled.
1. ASleeper Effect (p. 207)
2. BFacts Versus Feeling (p. 205)
3. CRepetition (p. 202)
4. DDisguised Messages
22The tendency to notice, refute and regard as weak, arguments that contradict our prior beliefs.
1. ADisconfirmation Bias (p. 210)
2. BThird-person effect (p. 199)
3. CFacts Versus Feeling (p. 205)
4. DCognitive Bias
23The finding that most people think that they are less influenced than others by advertisements.
1. AThird-person effect (p. 199)
2. BFacts Versus Feeling (p. 205)
3. CDisguised Messages
4. DFraming of Message (p. 206)
24When people attend to a message carefully, they use a central route to process it; otherwise they use peripheral route.
1. AElaboration-likelihood model
2. BHeuristic-systematic model
3. CResistance to Persuasion
4. DSystematic processing
25Components of the Elaboration-Likelihood Model (Petty and Cacioppo)
1. ACentral Route
2. BPeripheral Route
3. CSystematic Processing
4. DHeuristics
26When people attend to a message carefully, they use systematic processing; otherwise they process by using heuristics (mental short cuts).
1. AHeuristic-systematic model
2. BSemantic processing
3. CElaboration-likelihood model
4. DAttitude strength
27Components of the Heuristic-Systematic Model (Chaiken)
1. ACentral Route
2. BPeripheral Route
3. CSystematic Processing
4. DHeuristics
28People try to protect their freedom to act. When they perceive that this freedom has been curtailed, they will act to regain it.
1. AReactance
2. BResistance
3. CForewarning
4. DInoculation effect
29Advance knowledge that one is to be the target of persuasion attempt. Often produces resistance to persuasion.
1. AForewarning
2. BReactance
3. CInoculation effect
4. DAttitude accessibility
30A way of making people resistant to persuasion. By providing them with a diluted counter-argument, they can build up effective refutations to a later, stronger argument.
1. AInoculation effect
2. BAttitude accessibility
3. CPersuasive communication
4. DElaboration-likelihood model
31What are some functions of attitudes? (pick all that apply)
1. ASaves cognitive energy
2. BKnowledge
3. CInstrumentality
4. DEgo offence
5. EChanging one or more inconsistent cognitions.
32A variable that qualifies an otherwise simple hypothesis with a view to improving its predictive power.
1. AModerator variable
2. BConfounding variable
3. CContributing variable
4. DHypothesis variable
33 Variables affecting communicator/source persuasiveness. (select all that apply)
1. ACredibility
2. BPhysical appearance
3. CFamiliarity
4. DSimilarity
5. EGender
6. FIndividual differences
34Variables affecting message persuasiveness. (select all that apply)
1. ARepetition
2. BFacts
3. CFeelings
4. DFraming
5. ESadness
6. FFear
35Variables affecting audience persuasion. (select all that apply)
1. ASelf-esteem
2. BAge
3. CPrior beliefs
4. DGenerosity
5. ETechnology
36An inoculation effect based on attitude bolstering.
1. ASupportive defence
2. BInoculation defence
3. CSupportive offence
4. DInoculation offence
37An inoculation effect that employs counter-arguments.
1. AInoculation defence
2. BInoculation offence
3. CSupportive defence
4. DSupportive offence
38Which inoculation effect is more effective?
1. ASupportive Defence (p. 233)
2. BInoculation Defence (p. 233)
3. CForewarning (p. 232)
4. DReactance (Brehm) (p. 232)
39How easily an attitude comes to mind.
1. AAttitude accessibility
2. BAttitude strength
3. CAttitude persuasion
4. DAttitude reluctance
40How strong someone’s attitude is.
1. AAttitude strength
2. BAttitude accessibility
3. CAttitude persuasion
4. DAttitude reluctance

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Description: PSY204 - Week 06 - Attitudes, Persuasion, and Attitude Change - Chapter 05-06
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PSY204 Attitudes, Persuasion, and Attitude Change

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