Quiz

Disturbances of Circulation - L3-5

Deleted user 22 questions Updated 16 Feb 2020

Take the quiz

This quiz has question types that open in the usual player.

Questions in this quiz (22)

1Hyperaemiam
1. AIncreased blood in vascular bed
2. BDilation of arterioles
3. Cincreased erythrocytes = more redness
4. DWell oxygenated blood
5. EACTIVE process
6. Fe.g. blushing
2Congestion
1. AIncreased blood in terminal vascular bed
2. Bimpeded outflow
3. CType 1 = localised
4. DType 2 = Generalised
5. EType 3 = Hypostatic
3Ishaemia

Define: [blank_start]Inadequare blood supply of tissue[blank_end] [blank_start]relative to its needs[blank_end]

Consequences: [blank_start]Hypoxia[blank_end], [blank_start]Malunutrition[blank_end], [blank_start]Build up of waste products[blank_end]

Causes: [blank_start]Cardiac arrest[blank_end], [blank_start]Arterial obstruction[blank_end], [blank_start]Venous obstruction[blank_end], C[blank_start]apillary damage[blank_end], [blank_start]Shock[blank_end]

E.g.: [blank_start]Heart attack[blank_end], [blank_start]Arteritis[blank_end], [blank_start]Bed sores[blank_end]
1. AInadequare blood supply of tissue
2. Brelative to its needs
3. CHypoxia
4. DMalunutrition
5. EBuild up of waste products
6. FCardiac arrest
7. GArterial obstruction
8. HVenous obstruction
9. Iapillary damage
10. JShock
11. KHeart attack
12. LArteritis
13. MBed sores
4Effects of Congestion

Gradual onset - [blank_start]collateral circulation can develop so[blank_end] [blank_start]effects are minimised[blank_end]
Chronic congestion - [blank_start]continues for long time[blank_end] = [blank_start]serious effects[blank_end]
e.g [blank_start]Odema[blank_end], [blank_start]Hypoxia[blank_end], [blank_start]Haemorrhage[blank_end]
1. Acollateral circulation can develop so
2. Beffects are minimised
3. Ccontinues for long time
4. Dserious effects
5. EOdema
6. FHypoxia
7. GHaemorrhage
5Ischaemia - [blank_start]Inadequate blood supply of a tissue[blank_end] [blank_start]relative to its needs[blank_end]
Infarction - [blank_start]Localised area of necrosis[blank_end] [blank_start]caused by ischemia[blank_end]
Hypoxia - [blank_start]Deficiency in the amount of oxygen[blank_end] [blank_start]reaching the tissue[blank_end]
1. AInadequate blood supply of a tissue
2. Brelative to its needs
3. CLocalised area of necrosis
4. Dcaused by ischemia
5. EDeficiency in the amount of oxygen
6. Freaching the tissue
6Acute infarct - [blank_start]Swelling of affected tissue[blank_end]

Colour: [blank_start]Dark red[blank_end]

Shape: [blank_start]Wedge[blank_end]
1. AWedge
2. BDark red
3. CSwelling of affected tissue
7Sub-acute infarct - [blank_start]Degeneration and necrosis of ischaemia[blank_end] tissue

What happens:
[blank_start]Fluid forced[blank_end] out of area
[blank_start]Swelling[blank_end] decreases
Area becomes [blank_start]paler[blank_end]
Line of [blank_start]hyperaemia[blank_end]
1. ADegeneration and necrosis of ischaemia
2. BFluid forced
3. CSwelling
4. Dpaler
5. Ehyperaemia
8Chronic infarct - [blank_start]affected tissue is pale and shrunken due[blank_end] to fibrosis

Fibrosis - [blank_start]Healing of the infarct[blank_end]
1. Aaffected tissue is pale and shrunken due
2. BHealing of the infarct
9Thrombus - [blank_start]Blood clot/solid structure that forms[blank_end] within the [blank_start]flowing blood stream from the normal[blank_end] [blank_start]constituents of blood during life[blank_end]
Thrombosis - [blank_start]Process by which a thrombus forms[blank_end]
Embolus - [blank_start]Abnormal mass circulating in the blood[blank_end] stream
Embolism - [blank_start]Arrest of a circulating mass within[blank_end] a vessel
1. AArrest of a circulating mass within
2. BAbnormal mass circulating in the blood
3. CProcess by which a thrombus forms
4. DBlood clot/solid structure that forms
5. Eflowing blood stream from the normal
6. Fconstituents of blood during life
10Three Components of Virchow's Triad
1. [blank_start]Endothelial Injury[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Abnormal Blood Flow[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Hypercoagulability[blank_end]/[blank_start]Abnormal blood composition[blank_end]
1. AEndothelial Injury
2. BAbnormal Blood Flow
3. CHypercoagulability
4. DAbnormal blood composition

11Virchow's Triad
1. AMost important
2. BInfluences thrombus progression
3. CInfluences thrombus progression (3rd)
12Different types of embolus
1. [blank_start]Thromboemboli[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Gas[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Fat[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]Neoplasms[blank_end]
5. [blank_start]Foreign bodies[blank_end]
6. [blank_start]Parasites[blank_end]
7. [blank_start]Clumps of bacteria[blank_end]
8. [blank_start]Pus[blank_end]
9. [blank_start]Injected material[blank_end]
1. AThromboemboli
2. BGas
3. CFat
4. DNeoplasms
5. EForeign bodies
6. FParasites
7. GClumps of bacteria
8. HPus
9. IInjected material
13Diapedesis - [blank_start]Small momentary spurting losses of blood[blank_end] [blank_start]occur between endothelial cell[blank_end] [blank_start]of otherwise normal capillaries[blank_end]
Haematoma - [blank_start]Local accumulation of blood[blank_end], [blank_start]usually clotted[blank_end]
Petechiae - [blank_start]Very small haemorrhagic spots[blank_end]
Ecchymoses - [blank_start]Slightly larger foci of haemorrhage[blank_end]
Bruising - [blank_start]Subcutaneous haemorrhage[blank_end]
1. ASubcutaneous haemorrhage
2. BSlightly larger foci of haemorrhage
3. CVery small haemorrhagic spots
4. DLocal accumulation of blood
5. Eusually clotted
6. FSmall momentary spurting losses of blood
7. Goccur between endothelial cell
8. Hof otherwise normal capillaries
14Haemorrhage Compensatory Mechanisms
1. [blank_start]Blood redistribution[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Restoration of blood volume[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]replacement of lost erythrocytes[blank_end]
1. ABlood redistribution
2. BRestoration of blood volume
3. Creplacement of lost erythrocytes
15Classifications of Shock
1. [blank_start]Hypovolaemic[blank_end] shock
2. [blank_start]Vasculogenic[blank_end] ([blank_start]septic[blank_end]) shock
3. [blank_start]Cardiogenic[blank_end] shock
1. AHypovolaemic
2. BVasculogenic
3. Cseptic
4. DCardiogenic
16Oedema - [blank_start]Excessive accumulation of tissue fluid[blank_end]
Anasarca - [blank_start]Generalised subcutaneous oedema[blank_end]
Ascites - [blank_start]Fluid in abdomen[blank_end]
Hydropericardium - [blank_start]Fluid in pericardical sac[blank_end]
Hydrothorax - [blank_start]Fluid in pleural cavity[blank_end]
1. AFluid in pleural cavity
2. BFluid in pericardical sac
3. CFluid in abdomen
4. DGeneralised subcutaneous oedema
5. EExcessive accumulation of tissue fluid
17Starling's Equilibrium

Filtration Pressure = [blank_start]Hydrostatic pressure[blank_end] in plasma and tissues - [blank_start]Colloid osmotic pressure[blank_end] in plasma and tissues

Movement of [blank_start]fluid[blank_end] between [blank_start]vascular[blank_end] and [blank_start]extravascular[blank_end] compartments depends on the balance between [blank_start]hydrostatic pressure[blank_end] and [blank_start]colloid osmotic pressure[blank_end]
1. AHydrostatic pressure
2. BColloid osmotic pressure
3. Cvascular
4. Dextravascular
5. Efluid
6. Fhydrostatic pressure
7. Gcolloid osmotic pressure
18Increased hydrostatic pressure

Results from:
[blank_start]Increased fluid pressure[blank_end] within vessels which overcomes the [blank_start]attractive osmotic force[blank_end] of [blank_start]circulating protein[blank_end] leading to a net increase in [blank_start]outflow of fluid[blank_end] that is not matched by [blank_start]reabsorption by venules[blank_end] or by [blank_start]increased removal by lymphatics[blank_end]
1. AIncreased fluid pressure
2. Battractive osmotic force
3. Ccirculating protein
4. Doutflow of fluid
5. Ereabsorption by venules
6. Fincreased removal by lymphatics
19Decreased plasma oncotic (osmotic) pressure

A reduction in [blank_start]circulating proteins[blank_end]
[blank_start]Albumin[blank_end] is the most [blank_start]abundant[blank_end] protein and most [blank_start]effective osmotic force[blank_end]
Hypoalbuminaemia = [blank_start]most important cause[blank_end] of decreased osmotic pressure
1. Acirculating proteins
2. BAlbumin
3. Cabundant
4. Deffective osmotic force
5. Emost important cause
20Lymphatic Blockage

Seen if there is an [blank_start]extensive tumour invasion[blank_end] of a regional node OR
if [blank_start]lymph nodes are surgically removed[blank_end]
1. Aextensive tumour invasion
2. Blymph nodes are surgically removed
21Increased vascular permeability

Most commonly results from [blank_start]inflammation[blank_end]
Increase in vascular permeability by [blank_start]increasing the size of the gaps[blank_end] between [blank_start]endothelial cells[blank_end]
Causes an increase in the loss of [blank_start]fluid[blank_end], [blank_start]proteins[blank_end] and [blank_start]inflammatory cells[blank_end]
1. Ainflammation
2. Bincreasing the size of the gaps
3. Cendothelial cells
4. Dfluid
5. Eproteins
6. Finflammatory cells
22Examples of Oedema

Pulmonary oedema
rise in [blank_start]pulmonary venous pressure[blank_end] causes [blank_start]leakage of fluid[blank_end] into the [blank_start]alveoli[blank_end] of the lung

Cerebral oedema
Oedema of the [blank_start]brain[blank_end]
1. Abrain
2. Bpulmonary venous pressure
3. Cleakage of fluid
4. Dalveoli

Information

Description: User has deleted their subject information Quiz on Disturbances of Circulation - L3-5, created by Deleted user on 08/02/2020.
Author: Deleted user
Language: English
Views: 17
History: Created on 8 Feb 2020 · updated on 16 Feb 2020
Tags: user has deleted their subject information
Rating: No ratings yet
Rate this quiz
Rate this quiz

Disturbances of Circulation - L3-5

Questions in this quiz (22)

Information

Feedback

What do you think of the new look?