Flashcards
self, death and the afterlife
Cards in this deck (51)
- 1What is dualism?Dualism is the metaphysical claim that the universe is made up of two types of matter, physical and non-physical
- 2What is monism?Monism is the metaphysical claim that the universe is only made of one type of matter?
- 3What are the two main types of monism?Materialism and idealism
- 4What is materialism?Materialism is the metaphysical claim that everything is made of physical matter
- 5What is idealism?Idealism is metaphysical claim that everything is made of non physical matter
- 6What is foundational ism?Foundational ism is the search for something that you can be certain is true, Descartes used this in his meditations to find the foundation of knowledge
- 7what is methodological scepticism?Methodological scepticism is use of doubt to find what can't be doubted
- 8Can you doubt that you are doubting?No, because then you would be doubting
- 9What are Descartes' 3 arguments for dualism?1. the argument from illusion
2. the argument from dreaming
3. the evil demon/brain in a vat argument - 10What is the argument from illusion?The argument from illusion, as i can see things that aren't actually there, it means i can't trust my senses, ergo i can't trust them to tell me the truth of the world
- 11What is the argument from dreaming?The argument from dreaming is that i am certain that what my senses tell me is the truth but i have had this certainty in my dreams, ergo they can't be the test of truth
- 12What is the evil demon/brain in a vat argument?The evil demon/brain in a vat argument is the thought experiment that to remind myself that my thoughts can be doubted, i will tell myself that i could be nothing more than a brain in a vat being fed false sensations by an evil demon
- 13Cogito ergo sum?I think therefore i am, i know that i am thinking as i can't doubt that i am doubting so i know i exist as something that thinks
- 14what is the divisibility argument for dualism?physical matter can be divided, but non physical matter such as human nature can't, they are not the same
- 15what is the conceivability argument?The conceivability argument is that i can conceive of myself without a physical body but i can't conceive of myself without a mind, so the two are different as i am a mind not a body
- 16What is Qualia?Qualia is the subjective aspects of sence experience
- 17What is an example of Qualia?the colour red or the taste of strawberry
- 18What are two types of materialism?physical ism and behaviourism
- 19What is physicalism?Physicalism is that the mind can be reduced to physical explanations
- 20What is behaviouralism?Behaviouralism is that the mind can be reduced to observable behaviour
- 21What was Gilbert Ryle's oxford university argument against dualism?Someone is given a tour of oxford uni, and after they have seen all the colleges, offices and all the ground that is part of oxford uni, they ask the tour guide, yes, but where is oxford uni. they have seen it oxford uni is all the buildings and the grounds, this is the same for the mind, it is not separate from the body
- 22What did Gilbert Ryle say about dualism?Ryle said that it is categorical error like classing a whale as a fish
- 23What did Princess Elizabeth of Bohemia ask Descartes about dualism?She asked him, if dualism is true, then where do the mind and body meet and interact?
- 24What was Descartes response to Elizabeth?He said that they meet at the pineal gland (they don't)
- 25What was Gilbert Ryle's 2nd argument?The Ghost in a machine, if dualism is true, and the mind is non physical then it is like a ghost in a machine, non physical matter can't interact with physical matter, ergo dualism isn't possible
- 26Who was Phineas Gage?Phineas Gage was a construction worker, and after an accidental explosion, a metal pole went through his head, Gage survived and when the pole was removed, his personality was drastically changed, this is one of the best pieces of evidence to show the mind is nothing more than a product of the brain and physical body and that there is no separation
- 27What is dual aspect monism?Dual aspect monism is idea there is only one thing but that one thing has two properties such as the mind and body, if you effect one you effect the other
- 28What is another example of dual aspect monism and which philosophers are behind it?Pantheism, is a type of dual aspect monism, with the two properties being the universe and God, the thinkers are Spinoza and Griffin
- 29What is Functionalism?Functionalism is the idea that the mind can be reduced to inputs, processes and purposes and outputs, the observable functions
- 30What did Thomas Nagel say about Bats?Nagel asked 'what is it like to be a bat' we don't know
- 31How would a functionalist respond to Thomas Nagel?We know the inputs for bats (sound), we know the process of the bats (echo location) and we know the outputs (navigation without sight), ergo we know what it is like to be a bat
- 32What are Aristotle's 4 causes?Material=what something is made of
efficient=what made it
formal=the essence of the thing
final=telos of an object - 33Who was a Philosopher who supported materialism?Thomas Hobbes supported materialism
- 34Who was a philosopher who supported idealism?Bishop George Berkeley supported idealism
- 35What is Dawkins' 'soul 1'?Dawkins' soul one is the immaterial, religious soul
- 36What is Dawkins' 'soul 2'Dawkins' soul two is the scientific material soul, which will be adopted when science has fully explained consciousness
- 37What are the two models of physics that are used to describe the world?the two types of physics is the standard model of physics and quantum physics
- 38According to Bishop Berkeley what doesn't exist?A mind independent reality
- 39What is John Hick's Mr X thought experiment?Hick's thought experiment of replica theory is the idea that an omnipotent God could replicate our physical bodies somewhere else
- 40What did Swinburne say about the afterlife?That without an immaterial soul there can't be an afterlife, it is the only guarantee of an afterlife
- 41What was Swinburne's laptop analogy?Swinburne's laptop analogy said that you can move a laptop's software onto another device, even if the original hardware is broken, this is the same for the soul, it can be moved and still survive even if the physical body is dead
- 42What is subjective immortality?Subjective immortality is the idea that one's subjective experiences continue on to the afterlife
- 43What is resurrection?Resurrection is a return to life with your physical body and memories and personality intact
- 44What is reincarnation?Reincarnation is the soul leaving the body and being given a new one, without memories or identity
- 45What do Hindu's believe about are conscious experiences?Hindu's believe that we are not identical to our conscious experiences, they are illusions (Maya)
- 46What is Atman?Atman is the soul, the part of you that is part of the universal conscious
- 47What is Brahman?Brahman is universal conscious
- 48What is the goal for Hindus?The goal is to entirely fuse with Brahman and disappear
- 49Why did Griffin reject subjective immortality?Griffin rejected Subjective immortality as wishful thinking and it is just a way for us to deal with are fear of death
- 50What is objective immortality?Objective immortality is the idea that we are apart of God, both mind and soul
- 51Does any aspect of God dies?No, it just changes form, our existence will always be in the eyes of God which is eternal, we may cease to exist but will always exist as an eternal memory to God
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- User has deleted their subject information Flashcards on self, death and the afterlife, created by Deleted user on 05/01/2022.
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- Deleted user · Jan 2022
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- Created by Thomas Woodcock · Nov 15, 2021
- Copied by Thomas Woodcock · Jan 5, 2022
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