Prehistory

Page 1

PALAEOLITHIC PERIOD

4.4 million years ago to 10000 BCE.

Predators, fishing, hunting and collecting fruit.

Nomads, travel looking for food.

Stone tools for hunting, fishing, cutting up the animal, preparing the animal skin.

Discovered of fire to have light, heat, scare the animals, cook and dry pelts

Tribal society, family tribes of 20 or 30 people

Religion, natural elements & buried the dead.

Art, portable art and cave painting.

Page 2

NEOLITHIC PERIOD

between 10000 BCE and 4500 BCE

Fertil Crescent

Productive, lived from agriculture & livestock farming.

Sedentary, lived in villages & settlements near rivers.

Activities:

ceramics to store and cook the food.

fabrics; invented the loom.

crafting, tools to work the land.

trade, exchanged of tools for food.

Complex society, depending on wealth and job.

leaders

artisans

agricultural & livestock farmers

Religion, workship of stars, the dead & mother goddes

Artwork, pottery

Page 3

THE METAL AGES

between 4500 BCE and !000 BCE

3 PERIODS

Cooper

Bronze

Iron

ACTIVITIES

metallurgy (*)

agriculture & livestock farming

trade to obtein metals

Metallurgy

3 metals: cooper (4500 BCE), bronze (2200 BCE) & iron (1500 BCE)

metal working, development of working the metal:

hitting cold metal

Forging, hitting heat metal

Smelting, the metal became liqid, poured it into moulds & polished the pieces.

tools: agricultural tools, weapons & domestic utensils.

inventions: the wheel, the plough & the sails.

Complex society

lived in small cities with walls to defend themselves.

social groups:

leaders

metalworkers

cart drivers - merchant sailors

artisans

agricultural & livestock farmers

societies which controlled the metals over those who did not.

Megalithic monuments

menhirs

dolmen

stone circle

3250 BCE some societies discovered WRITING and became part of History, others stayed in Prehistory.

Page 4

A PREHISTORIA EN ESPAÑA E GALICIA

O PALEOLITICO, 800000 - 5000 a.C

Paleolítico Inferior:

- Homo antecessor (tipo de Homo erectus), os fósiles máis antigos de toda Europa.

- Vivía da caza e da recolleita

- Ferramentas de pedra

Paleolítico medio, atopáronse fósiles en toda a península.

Paleolítico superior

- Homo neandertais e Homo sapiens

- Homo sapiens deixaron manifestacións artísticas, as pinturas rupestres:

+ Zona cantábrica: pintaban animais e son pinturas naturalistas

+ Zona levantina, pintaban grupos de caza, guerra ou ritos, e son pinturas esquemáticas.

O NEOLÍTICO, 5000 - 2500 a.C.

Chegaron a península polo Mediterráneo e polo norte de África.

Manifestacións artísticas: Cerámica cardial.

Page 5

IDADE DOS METAIS, 2500 - 1000 a.C.

Traballo da metalurxia, traída por pobos desde o Mediterráneo.

1. a metalurxia do cobre, 2500 - 2000 a.C

- pobos amurallados (Los MIllares, Almería)

- arquitectura megalítica, dolmens ("a pedra do Mouro", Axeitos, A Coruña)

2. a metalurxia do bronce, 2000 - 1000 a.C. dous focos importantes:

- El Argar (Almería e Granada), enterramentos individuais.

- As illas Baleares, as taulas, os talaiots (torres de vixiancia defensiva) e as navetas (sepulcros colectivos)

3. a metalurxia do ferro, 1000 a.C - chegada de fenicios, gregos e romanos.

O traballo do ferro foi introducido na península polos pobos celtas (o norte), e os fenicios e gregos (o Mediterráneo).

Os gregos trouxeron a ESCRITURA e o fin da PREHISTORIA na península Ibérica.