Reproductive systems - created from Mind Map

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Asexual

Sexual

Life strategies

Human male reproductive system

Human female reproduction system

BUD- hydras

SPLITTING IN HALF- hatworms

REGENERATE FROM FRAGMENTS-sponges , annelids and echinoderms

MONOECIOUS - contain both male and female sex organs in single body and majority practice croos- fertiization with other individuals.

DIOECIOUS- separate sex and egg of one parent is fertilized by sperm of another

PARTHENOGENESIS- modification of sexual reproduction and unfertilized egg develop into a complet individual.

COPULATION - sexual union to facilitate the reception of sperm , resulting in internal fertilization

OVOVIVIPAROUS- animals retain their eggs and release young ableto fend for themselves

VIVIPAROUS-usually placental mammals as they do not lay eggs and development occurs inside female's body. Placental mammals eliminate need for shelled egg

OVIPAROUS- animals deposit eggs in external environment

IMPORTANTS ORGANS AND ITS FUNCTION

PROUCTION OF SPERMS

HORMONAL REGULATION IN MALES

BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS- contribute fluid to semen

SEMINAL VESICLES - contribute fluid to semen

VASA DEFERENTIA- conduct and store sperm

EPIDIDMYIDES- sites of maturation and some storage of sperm

TESTES- produce sperm and sex hormones

URETHRA- conducts sperm (and urine)

PROSTATE GLAND - contributes fluid to semen

PENIS - ogan of couplation

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES is a tubes packed with cells undergoing spermatogenesis. Spermatogonia divide to produce primary spermatocytes. Primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis 1 to produce secondary spermatocytes.. Secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis 2 to produce four spermatids , each of which matures into a sperm cell (- consist of three parts which are head- acrosome and nucleus, middle piece and tail)

PENIS is a cylindrical organ hanging in front of scrotum. Three cylindrical columns of spongy, erectile tissue and blood flow stiffen penis and increase its size. Semen (seminal fluid) contains sperm and secretion from seminal vesicles,prostate gland and bulbourtehral glands.

EJACULATION . emission- nerve impulses sent to epidiidymides and vasa deferntia. sperm enter ejaculatory duct. Secretion released by seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulbourethral glands. Expulsion rythmical muscle contraction (expel semen in spurts from opening in urethra, contractions are part of male orgasm and average male release 2-5 mL of sperm during orgasm.

Hypothalamus has ultimate control of testicular sexual function. -Gonadotropic-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates production of the gonadotropic hormones by anterior pituatary. -Follicle Stimulating Hormone promotes spermatogenesis in the semineferous tubules. -Luteinizing Hormone (LH) controls production of testosterone by the interstitial cells of testes.

Testosterone major sex hormone in males. Establishes and maintain secondary sex characteristics and responsible for greater muscular development in males.

important organs and its function

ovarian cycle

uterine cycle

hormonal control of ovaries

OVARIES - produce egg and sex hormones

UTERUS (WOMB) - houses developing embryo and fetus

VAGINA - receives penis during copulation and serves as birth canal.

OVIDUCTS (FALLOPIAN TUBES) - conduct egg, location of fertilization

Follicle changes from a primary to a secondary vesicular (Graafian) follicle under the influence of FSH ans LH. Ovulation release ofsecondary oocyte from vesicular follice and secondary oocyte enters an oviduct. Follicle develops in corpus luteum- - degenerates if apregnancy does not occur.

phases of ovarian cycle. -FOLLICULAR PHASE : FSH promotes the development of a follicle. Follicle secerets estrogens. LUTEAL PHASE: LH promotes development of corpus luteum and corpus luteum secrets progesterone.

Sex hormones produced in ovarian cycle affect the endometrium. A twenty eight day uterine cycle : (DAY 1-5): endometrium disintegrate. Menses pass out of the vagina during menstruation. (DAY 6-13) : endometrium thickens and ovulation usually occurs on 14th day. (DAY 15-28): endometrium double in thickness and uterine glands mature and produce a thick secretion.

LH

FSH