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Forensic Science Chapter 3
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Questions in this quiz (27)
1Evidence with individual characteristics can lead to a determination of common origin (single source). Which type of evidence CANNOT yield such results?
- ARandom striations on tools
- BFingerprints
- CWear patterns on tires
- DSingle-layer paints
2The likelihood of finding class physical evidence is ____________ the likelihood of finding physical evidence with individual characteristics.
- AThe same as
- BLess than
- CGreater than
3Physical evidence is considered to have _______ as that of eyewitness (testimonial) evidence.
- AThe same value
- BGreater value
- CLess value
4The corroborative use of physical evidence means that it can be used to:
- AProvide a lead to give the investigation direction
- BEstablish a definitive identity
- CSupport other investigative findings
- DRule out a particular suspect
5Physical evidence can be used to exonerate or exclude a person from suspicion if:
- AIt is collected in accordance with the Fourth Amendment
- BThe standard reference sample (control) from the person does not share characteristics with evidence at the crime scene
- CIt does not have a well-documented chain of custody
- DEvidence taken from suspect is obtained voluntarily
6Forensic databases are maintained for all of the following EXCEPT
- AFingerprints
- BDental impressions
- CDNA
- DAutomotive paint
7The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) became fully operational in what year?
- A1998
- B1991
- C1978
- D1999
8A component of the National Integrated Ballistics Information Network is called:
- APDQ
- BCODIS
- CIBIS
- Da and b
9When a forensic analyst determines the chemical composition of preparations that may contain illicit drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or barbiturates, this is an example of:
- AIndividualization
- BIdentification
- CClassification
- DComparison
10The examination of a paint chip found on a hit-and-run victim’s garment side-by-side with paint removed from a vehicle suspected of being involved in the incident is an example of:
- AComparison
- BIdentification
- CClassification
- DIndividualization
11Evidence having class characteristics can:
- AExonerate an innocent suspect
- BLink a person to a crime with a high degree of certainty
- CAlways be fitted together in a the manner of a jigsaw puzzle
- DHave no evidential value
12If the laboratory can piece broken glass from a window or headlight together, then the evidence has _______ characteristics.
- AIdentification
- BComparative
- CIndividual
- DClass
13A comparison analysis subjects a suspect specimen and a control specimen to the same tests and examinations for the ultimate purpose of determining
- AWhether or not they have a common origin
- BIf they are identical in chemical composition
- CIf the same person handled them
- DIf they are alike in molecular structure
14Determining that an explosive mixture contains dynamite is an example of the process of:
- AIdentification
- BComparison
- CClass characterizations
- DIndividualization
15The computerized database used to store DNA information is:
- AAFIS
- BCODIS
- CNIBIN
- DDrugfire
16To calculate the overall frequency of occurrence of a blood type in a population, the _____ can be applied by using a series of blood factors that occur independently of each other.
- ALocard's exchange principle
- BMultiplication table
- CTangent method
- DProduct rule
17The value of class physical evidence lies in its ability to:
- AState with certainty the identify of the perpetrator
- BCorroborate events with data in a manner nearly without bias
- CDetermine the probability of the occurrence of an event
- DDetermine the quality of forensic analyses carried out on the evidence
18Which of the following is a national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the FBI and launched in 1999?
- ANIBIN
- BPDQ
- CIAFIS
- DSICAR
19Paint chips, random glass fragments, and synthetic fibers all exhibit:
- AIndividual characteristics
- BClass characteristics
- CIdentification characteristics
- DComparison characteristics
20The database that contains chemical and color information pertaining to original automotive paints is the:
- APDQ
- BNIBIN
- CSICAR
- DIAFIS
21The database that includes more than 300 manufacturers of shoes with more than 8,000 different sole patterns is the:
- APDQ
- BSICAR
- CIAFIS
- DCODIS
22Which source of CODIS contains DNA profiles from unsolved crime scene evidence?
- AOffender index
- BNational index
- CForensic index
- DDNA index
23The PDQ is maintained by the:
- AFBI
- BRCMP
- CATF
- DNational DNA Database
24The "jigsaw fit" of known and questioned fragments is important for court presentation primarily because:
- AIt is quick way of demonstrating how the object broke
- BCourts and juries are too nonscientific to understand it any other way
- CInstrumental analysis is too complicated to explain to nontechnical juries
- DThis method will definitely demonstrate common origin when a match is made
25Who ultimately determines the significance of physical evidence in a trial?
- AThe judge
- BExpert witness
- CThe Supreme Court
- DThe jury
26Multiplying together the frequencies of independently occurring factors is called the:
- AMultiplication rule
- BFrequency rule
- CProduct rule
- DFactor rule
27A computerized archive of information relating to a specific type of physical evidence is a(n):
- AEvidence database
- BInformation database
- CComparison database
- DForensic database
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- Forensic Science Midterm Chapter 3
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- cheetahgoddess
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- English
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