Quiz
Genetics Final concepts
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Questions in this quiz (33)
1Histone modification and chromatin remodeling...
- Aalter the accessibility of genes for transcription
- Bshifts allele frequencies
- Cresults from mutated gene products or abnormally expressed genes
- DResults from unregulated cell growth that forms a multi cellular mass
removed by surgery, causing no serious harm
2Natural selection is the principal for that _________ within large populations?
- Ashifts allele frequencies
- Bhistone modification and chromatin remodeling
- Cshifts gene frequencies
- Dchromatin modification and histone remodeling
3Cancer are caused by mutations in ______ cells
- Asomatic
- Bgerm-line
4[blank_start]5[blank_end]% of cancers are caused by germ-line mutations.
- A5
- B10
- C90
- D95
5Genomic alternations associated with cancer include?
- ASingle-nucleotide substitutions
- BChromosomal rearrangements
- Camplifications
- Ddeletions
- EGenetic disease in somatic cells
6What are the two fundamental properties shared by cancer cells?
- AAbnormal cell growth and division: unregulated cell proliferation
- BMetastatic spread
- CGenetic disease in somatic cells
- Dclonal origin
7Genetic disease in somatic cells results from __________ or _________.
- Amutated gene products
- Babnormally expressed genes
- Cbenign tumor
- Dmalignant tumor
8[blank_start]Benign[blank_end] tumor: Results from unregulated cell growth that forms a multicellular mass
removed by surgery, causing no serious harm
[blank_start]Malignant[blank_end] tumor: Results from metastasized cells invading other tissue and causing life-threatening problems.- ABenign
- BMalignant
- CMalignant
- DBenign
9__________: originated from a common ancestral cell that accumulated numerous specific mutations
- Aclonal origin
- Bphylogenetic origin
- Cancestral origin
- Dfamilial origin
10All cancer cells in primary and secondary tumors are clonal
- ATrue
- BFalse
11Many scientists believe that MOST cells within tumors proliferate, which is why it is so dangerous.
- ATrue
- BFalse
12Tumor cells that do proliferate are [blank_start]rare[blank_end] population and give rise to cancer stem cells that [blank_start]have[blank_end] the capacity for self-renewal.
- Arare
- Bcommon
- Chave
- Ddo not have
13Undifferentiated cells with the capacity for self-renewal are known as __________.
- Astem cells
- Bcancer cells
- Ctumors
- Dcarcinogens
14Cancer stem cell hypothesis predicts that...
- Aevery cell in a tumor has the potential to form a new tumor
- Bmost cells in a tumor do not have the potential to form a new tumor
- Ccancer sucks
15Age-related incidence of cancer indicates cancer develops from the [blank_start]accumulation of several mutagenic events[blank_end] in [blank_start]a single cell[blank_end].
- Aaccumulation of several mutagenic events
- Bonset of a single mutagenic event
- Ca single cell
- Dseveral cells
16Incidence with cancers rises exponentially with...
(pick the BEST answer)- Aage
- Bweight
- Ckarma
- Dheight
17Independent and random mutations are necessary for a cell to become malignant.
- ATrue
- BFalse
18Carcinogens are....
- Acancer-causing agents
- Bcancer-preventing agents
- Chuman process catalysts
- Dcar engine catalysts
19The delay between exposure to carcinogens and the appearance of cancer is an indication of [blank_start]the multistep process[blank_end].
- Athe multistep process
- Bthe high energy threshold
20_________ is the development of malignant tumor.
- ATumorigenesis
- BMalignigenesis
- CCancer
21Tumorigenesis results in two or more genetic alternations which are...
- Aprogressively release cells from normal controls on cell proliferation
- Bmalignancy
- Cbenignity
- Dprogressively release cells from abnormal controls on cell proliferation
22What does APC gene stand for?
[blank_start]Adenomatous[blank_end] [blank_start]polyposis[blank_end] [blank_start]coli[blank_end]- AAdenomatous
- BAdvantageous
- CAnagenesis
- Dpolyposis
- Epolyploidous
- Fpoptosis
- Gcoli
- Hcancer
23What does the APC gene do?
- Atumor suppressor gene that encodes a protein involved in normal differentiation of intestinal cells
- Btumor activator gene that encodes protein involved in normal differentiation of intestinal cells
- Cwhite blood cell activator gene that encodes proteins to detect and destroy bacteria
24In colorectal cancers, adenoma and polyp formation requires ?
- Ainactivating mutations in ADP gene
- Bactivating mutations in ADP gene
- Cactivating chromosomal rearrangements
- Dreversing chromosomal rearrangements
25A [blank_start]driver[blank_end] mutation gives growth advantage to tumor cells.
A [blank_start]passenger[blank_end] mutation has no direct contribution to cancer phenotype.- Adriver
- Bpassenger
- Cpassenger
- Ddriver
26Cancer cells show higher than normal rates of...
- Amutations
- Bchromosomal abnormalities
- Cgenomic instability
- Dgenomic stability
- Edeletion genes
27Genomic instability manifests in gross defects by...
- Atranslocation
- BAneuploidy
- Cchromosome loss
- DDNA amplification
- EChromosomal deletion
28Many cancers are characterized as reciprocal translocations
- ATrue
- BFalse
29CML- Chronic myelogenous leukemia is a cancer due to [blank_start]translation[blank_end] of [blank_start]C-ABL[blank_end] gene on chromosome [blank_start]9[blank_end] into [blank_start]BCR[blank_end] gene on chromosome 22.
- Atranslation
- Btranslocation
- Camplification
- DC-ABL
- EBCR
- FABL
- GC-BCR
- H9
- I22
- J10
- K23
- LBCR
- MC-BCR
- NC-ABL
- OABL
30The structure of CML is known as ___________ chromosome
- APhiladelphia
- BIllinois
- CPennsylvania
31What two inherited cancers are caused by defects in DNA repair genes?
- AXeroderma pigmentosum (xp)
- BHereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
- CLung cancer
- DLeukemia
32[blank_start]Xeroderma pigmentosum[blank_end]: Defective nucleotide excision repair leading to skin cancer
[blank_start]Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal[blank_end] cancer: increased risk of colon, ovary, uterine and kidney cancers
-eights genes implicated; four involved in DNA mismatch repair; [blank_start]autosomal dominant[blank_end] syndrome- AXeroderma pigmentosum
- BHereditary nonpolyposis colorectal
- Cautosomal dominant
33Epigenetic effects may be present in what type of cell?
- Asomatic
- Bgerm-line
- Cboth
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- Author
- Jo O'Bar
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- English
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