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The First Crusade and the Background to it, 1070-1099

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AS - Level History Quiz on The First Crusade and the Background to it, 1070-1099, created by Erin Mason on 21/12/2015.
Erin Mason
Quiz by Erin Mason, updated more than 1 year ago
Erin Mason
Created by Erin Mason over 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The place where the Seljuk Turks had originated from.
Answer
  • Persia
  • Anatolia
  • Egypt
  • Central Asia

Question 2

Question
The place where the Turks had migrated recently from. They were heavily influenced by its culture and language.
Answer
  • Scandinavia
  • Romania
  • Persia
  • Europe

Question 3

Question
The nomadic Islamic people who had invaded Anatolia in the 1060's after conquering Persia.
Answer
  • Abbasids
  • Fatimids
  • Egyptians
  • Seljuk Turks

Question 4

Question
The Christian land that the Seljuk Turks overran after Manzikert, during the 1070's and 1080's.
Answer
  • Anatolia
  • Persia
  • Romania
  • Scandinavia

Question 5

Question
The territories conquered by the Turks in Anatolia that became a separate sultanate.
Answer
  • Danishmends
  • Rum
  • Hama
  • Aleppo

Question 6

Question
The Seljuk ruler who ruled the empire at its greatest extent and after whose death in 1092 collapsed.
Image:
e20d8489-3d28-4bfb-b4e5-c21e58614040 (image/png)
Answer
  • Alp Arslan
  • Tughril
  • Malik Shah I
  • Barkiyaruq

Question 7

Question
The important battle that took place between the Byzantines and Seljuk Turks in 1071. The Byzantine army was routed.
Image:
9a6c4a6b-8a0d-4a7c-9415-e24f31d8a477 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Harran
  • Inab
  • Ramlah
  • Manzikert

Question 8

Question
The leader of the Seljuk Turks who captured the Byzantine emperor at Manzikert in 1071.
Image:
352ca9f6-088e-4e42-ba24-f00d569b57da (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Tughril
  • Alp Arslan
  • Muhammad
  • Malik Shah II

Question 9

Question
A reforming pope who had attempted to aid Byzantium after Manzikert.
Image:
ff14c14a-3b42-4fb3-89de-b810840c645e.gif (image/gif)
Answer
  • Victor I
  • Gregory VII
  • Soter
  • Pius I

Question 10

Question
The branch of religion that the Seljuk's had converted to. They recognised the titular authority of the Caliph in Baghdad.
Answer
  • Shia Muslim
  • Kharijite Islam
  • Sunni Islam
  • Sufism

Question 11

Question
The Shia Muslims who controlled Egypt and were at war with the Seljuk Turks over the Levant.
Answer
  • Seljuk Turks
  • Abbasids
  • The Assassins
  • Fatimids

Question 12

Question
The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and one of the greatest cities in the world.
Answer
  • Constantinople
  • Alexandria
  • Antioch
  • Niacea

Question 13

Question
The division between Eastern and Western Christians that had occurred in 1054.
Answer
  • Eastern v Western culture
  • The Great Schism
  • Anglicanism
  • Catholic v Protestant

Question 14

Question
The Byzantine emperor after Romanos IV. He attempted to repair relations with the papacy in 1073 in order to gain military support.
Image:
9676483c-10be-44d1-90a8-a797bfb29063 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Isaac I
  • John II
  • Michael VII
  • Alexios I

Question 15

Question
A Turkish cousin of Alp Arslan. He established an understanding with Alexios I and was used to manage threats from the other Turks in Anatolia until 1086.
Answer
  • Balak
  • Sulayman
  • Bursq
  • Zengi

Question 16

Question
A Turk who established a semi - interdependent hold over Smyrna in southern Anatolia in 1084. His fleet threatened the Byzantine islands in the Aegean.
Answer
  • Sulayman
  • Zengi
  • Caka
  • Nur ad - Din

Question 17

Question
A semi - nomadic people that invaded the northern European Byzantine territories. by 1090 they had conquered many of them and were an imminent threat to Constantinople.
Answer
  • The Assassins
  • Pechenegs
  • Byzantines
  • Turks

Question 18

Question
The cunning Norman leader of Sicily until 1085. He was a sworn enemy of the Byzantines. He was an alley of Pope Gregory VII.
Image:
191a6585-36ae-4aee-85d2-34e8339c5b9b (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Tancred I
  • William III
  • Henry I
  • Robert Guiscard

Question 19

Question
The battle in 1081 that was a decisive Norman victory over the Byzantines. The Normans overplayed their hand shortly after
Answer
  • Manzikert
  • Ramlah
  • Dorylaeum
  • Dyrrhacion

Question 20

Question
In this year the Normans staged a second invasion of Byzantium but Byzantine forces were able to defeat this.
Answer
  • 1081
  • 1079
  • 1082
  • 1084

Question 21

Question
At this battle in 1091 the Pechenegs were almost completely annihilated by the Byzantine forces and their Cuman allies.
Answer
  • Manzikert
  • Ramlah
  • Lebounion
  • Dyrrhacion

Question 22

Question
A new gold coinage established in 1092 that was 30% gold, 60% silver and 10% copper. It helped to reduce inflation.
Image:
24ff1fb8-0b4c-41f7-85ff-eb7533a4b6ef (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Pound Sterling
  • Euro
  • Hyperpyron
  • Drachma

Question 23

Question
The Patriarch of Constantinople appointed by Alexios I in 1084. He proved loyal to the agenda of the emperor.
Answer
  • Eustratius Garidas
  • Nicholas III Grammaticus
  • John IX Agapetus
  • Leo Styppeiotes

Question 24

Question
The Byzantine general who took the throne in a military coup in 1081.
Image:
94aeb7b1-6985-4515-bd13-de56a6557e24 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Alexios II Komnenos
  • Andronikos I Komnenos
  • Alexios I Komnenos
  • John II Komnenos

Question 25

Question
A group descended from the Vikings who had settled in Sicily and raided Byzantine territories.
Answer
  • Latins
  • Fatimids
  • Assassins
  • Normans

Question 26

Question
The pope that Alexius sent a letter to asking for military assistance against the Seljuk Turks.
Image:
b8ed4565-4875-4bc2-8190-b620211e9ea2 (image/png)
Answer
  • Urban II
  • Alexander II
  • Stephen IX
  • Paschal II

Question 27

Question
The German (or Holy Roman) Emperor and King of Germany that was locked in dispute with the papacy over investiture.
Image:
83db41c5-8417-4846-82af-06209f8d150c.gif (image/gif)
Answer
  • Conrad II
  • Henry III
  • Frederick I
  • Henry IV

Question 28

Question
A dispute between the papacy and secular princes, especially Henry IV, over who appointed bishops.
Answer
  • Primogeniture
  • Investiture
  • Feudal & Social
  • Financial

Question 29

Question
The allegedly ancient document that popes used to claim theoretical control over western Europe.
Answer
  • The Bible
  • Dead sea scrolls
  • Nicene Creed
  • Donation of Constantine

Question 30

Question
The alpine fortress where Emperor Henry IV begged Pope Gregory VII for forgiveness for three days in the snow in 1077.
Answer
  • Alpine Wall
  • Hindenburg Wall
  • Canossa
  • Brimstone Hill Fortress

Question 31

Question
The spiritual power that the bishops of Rome claimed from St. Peter.
Answer
  • Jesuitism
  • Petrine Authority
  • Anglo Catholicism
  • Jacobean Authority

Question 32

Question
A document listing the powers that the papacy claimed over the church and secular princes.
Answer
  • Peace of God
  • Donation of Constantine
  • Truce of God
  • Dictatus Papae

Question 33

Question
The imperial appointee as archbishop of Milan in 1075. This infuriated Gregory VII and developed into the wider investiture controversy.
Answer
  • Taticius
  • Petrus
  • Otto
  • Tedald

Question 34

Question
The year that the Roman synod was held that forbade lay investiture. Appointments using it were to be invalid and those involved excommunicated.
Answer
  • 1078
  • 1076
  • 1071
  • 1054

Question 35

Question
A rival or anti-pope to both Gregory VII and Urban II. His reign ran from 1080 - 1100. He was appointed and backed by Henry IV of Germany.
Image:
86c89885-5b39-41d2-9a95-4389b08cb253 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Benedict X
  • Honorius II
  • Sylvester IV
  • Clement III

Question 36

Question
A prominent and powerful supporter of Gregory VII who aided him against Henry IV. Her forces were part of the Milites Christi.
Image:
e7241e9d-0dab-4d92-922d-923f32ad95eb (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Beatrice
  • Bertha
  • Matilda
  • Mildred

Question 37

Question
The so-called soldiers of God that were armed men who fought to advance the interests of the papacy both within Italy and against Muslims.
Answer
  • Soldiers of Peace
  • Milites Dei
  • Christ's Children
  • Milites Christi

Question 38

Question
The church council in March 1095 at which Alexios' letter was delivered to Urban II.
Answer
  • Piacenza
  • Clermont
  • Nabulas
  • Acre

Question 39

Question
The church council at Aurvergne in southern France in November 1095 where Urban II launched the First Crusade.
Answer
  • Clermont
  • Acre
  • Piacenza
  • Nabulas

Question 40

Question
What were the five traditional centres of Christianity; each had a patriarch called collectively. Three were in Muslim hands.
Answer
  • Pentarchy
  • Constantinople
  • Antioch
  • Alexandria

Question 41

Question
The centre of Christian faith. Pilgrimage to it had been disrupted by the Seljuk invasion.
Answer
  • Constantinople
  • Alexandria
  • Antioch
  • Jerusalem

Question 42

Question
The tomb in which Jesus Christ had been buried. It was the holiest relic in the Christian faith.
Answer
  • Holy tomb
  • Grave site
  • Holy Sepulchre
  • Holy Burial site

Question 43

Question
An attempt to prohibit all fighting between Western Christians at certain times.
Answer
  • Peace of God
  • Just War Theory
  • Truce of God
  • Prohibited

Question 44

Question
An attempt to protect certain groups such as the church and poor peasants from violence.
Answer
  • Truce of God
  • Just War
  • Peace of God
  • Knightly Dilemma

Question 45

Question
The doctrine developed by St. Augustine that allowed for Christian violence in certain circumstances such as the reclamation of Christian lands.
Answer
  • Peace of God
  • Truce of God
  • Just War Theory
  • Knightly Dilemma

Question 46

Question
The place that the papacy was already seeking to encourage Christians to attack Muslim lands.
Answer
  • Portugal
  • Spain
  • England
  • France

Question 47

Question
The belief that saints acted as intercessors to God and that they existed in a hierarchy.
Image:
62ce6697-5b1b-4cff-aa0c-f88d70d9812c (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • A lot of Saints
  • Intercessions
  • Hierarchy of Saints
  • Cult of Saints

Question 48

Question
This was a relic that was holy through proximity.
Answer
  • Cloth
  • Bodily relic
  • Money
  • Brandea

Question 49

Question
This was a relic that was literally a part of a saint. They were usually the focus of pilgrimage.
Answer
  • Brandea
  • Finger
  • Toe
  • Bodily relic

Question 50

Question
This was a desire to travel to holy places. The most important of which was Jerusalem.
Answer
  • Voyagers
  • Deeply religious people
  • Pilgrimage
  • Well travelled

Question 51

Question
An act to demonstrate that an individual was seeking forgiveness for their sins. This could include acts such as pilgrimage.
Answer
  • Forgiveness
  • Love
  • Penance
  • Prayer

Question 52

Question
A promise made to crusaders that their previous sins would be wiped clean if they took part.
Answer
  • Remittance of Sins
  • Forgiveness of sins
  • Repentance
  • Penance

Question 53

Question
This meant that Christians saw their actions as justified and holy rather than the sin of murder.
Answer
  • Just war theory
  • Sanctified Violence
  • Peace & Truce of God
  • Knightly dilemma

Question 54

Question
The clash between a knights role to kill and the fear of committing murder. It was solved by the promise of sanctified violence.
Answer
  • Signs and Wonders
  • Just War Theory
  • Sanctified Violence
  • Knightly Dilemma

Question 55

Question
These were natural phenomena that were ascribed to God giving direct instructions to undertake the crusade.
Answer
  • Signs and Wonders
  • Miracles
  • Preaching
  • Prayer

Question 56

Question
The centre of village life in western Europe. It oversaw birth, marriage and death it acted as the heart of the community.
Answer
  • A home
  • A Hospital
  • Shops
  • Parish Church

Question 57

Question
The one-tenth of a Christians income given to the church as an act of religious devotion.
Answer
  • Donation
  • Tithe
  • Flocks
  • Money

Question 58

Question
A crusader who seems to have been motivated mostly by sincere religious devotion as he was already very wealthy.
Image:
380d87d2-33ed-45e3-b142-368fe6d128e1 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Count Emicho
  • Godfrey of Bouillon
  • Bishop Adhemar
  • Raymond of Toulouse

Question 59

Question
He was in a poor position in the Holy Roman Empire and was not well liked by Henry IV. He also seems to have been personally pious.
Image:
7657c9b1-d8b1-4a46-85a5-0c94ab472dca (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Bohemond of Taranto
  • Bishop Adhemar
  • Tancred
  • Godfrey of Bouillon

Question 60

Question
He was close to Urban II and was sent to represent him on the First Crusade.
Image:
0fd1a550-2ff7-4cfc-9bfd-8973a6873d42 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Tedald
  • Taticius
  • Bishop Adhemar
  • Peter the Hermit

Question 61

Question
This force religiously motivated peasants and knights ignored Alexios' advice to wait for the princes and were massacred by the Turks.
Answer
  • 1101 Crusade
  • 1120 - 24 Crusade
  • People's Crusade
  • Norwegian Crusade

Question 62

Question
A charismatic preacher and leader of the People's crusade, he was religiously motivated.
Image:
ebc8ff93-a2f5-460e-b46a-ea65f2acba04 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Tedald
  • Raymond of Toulouse
  • Bishop Adhemar
  • Peter the Hermit

Question 63

Question
A German count who led his 'crusading' forces in a pogrom against the Jews of the Rhineland.
Answer
  • Godfrey of Bouillon
  • Raymond of Toulouse
  • Count Emicho
  • Peter the Hermit

Question 64

Question
A motivating factor regarding the potential to gain land that can best be seen in actions of Bohemond, Tancred and Baldwin.
Answer
  • Greed
  • Feudal Obligation
  • Social Obligation
  • Primogeniture

Question 65

Question
An increasingly common law that meant eldest sons inherited, leaving younger sons with little.
Answer
  • Primogeniture
  • Greed
  • Pilgrimage
  • Feudal & Social Obligation

Question 66

Question
The historian who argued that a knight would have had to raise five times his annul income. This would argue against greed as a motivator.
Image:
905ca958-8a9f-41ce-af5b-dfb425005ac7 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Jotischky
  • Asbridge
  • Oldenberg
  • J. Riley - Smith

Question 67

Question
The Norman Crusader who was hated by Alexios. He was well known for his bravery and skill in battle. He was looking for land and wealth.
Image:
5904ad8c-52da-4979-8802-988c19d58cd7 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Godfrey of Bouillon
  • Raymond of Toulouse
  • Bohemond of Taranto
  • Tancred

Question 68

Question
Bohemond's nephew. He was also seeking lands and fortune and the crusade solved his knightly dilemma.
Image:
bcc4bf7e-46af-4855-8de4-606cbe28dc95 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Baldwin I
  • Raymond of Toulouse
  • Tancred
  • Josecelin I

Question 69

Question
The younger brother of Godfrey who travelled with him. He had left the church to be a knight and was seeking a fortune in the east.
Image:
a394a881-aca7-4cee-a835-7daeac0c466a (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Raymond of Toulouse
  • Bohemond of Taranto
  • Tancred
  • Baldwin of Boulogne

Question 70

Question
This had affected Europe for several years inflicting great hardship on peasants. It might have encouraged him to leave for the holy land.
Answer
  • Water shortage
  • Famine
  • Money
  • Food

Question 71

Question
A motivating factor exploited by Urban II in his specific appeal to senior European nobles. It might have encouraged them to leave for the holy land.
Answer
  • Social Obligation
  • Feudal Ties
  • Greed
  • Primogeniture

Question 72

Question
This social tie played an important role for facilitating the participation for many of the crusader leaders including Baldwin and Tancred.
Answer
  • Feudal Ties
  • Kinship
  • Greed
  • Primogeniture

Question 73

Question
An able warrior but a poor administrator. He saw the crusade as an opportunity to resurrect his reputation.
Image:
65f95c3f-567e-4297-ad73-dfa7aa0a9cf2 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Godfrey of Bouillon
  • Baldwin of Boulogne
  • Stephen of Blois
  • Robert of Normandy

Question 74

Question
A crusader who was motivated by social pressure from his wife and by the presence of his kin on the crusade.
Answer
  • Robert, Duke of Normandy
  • Stephen of Blois
  • Godfrey of Bouillon
  • Robert of Flanders

Question 75

Question
His family had a long standing connections and friendship with the Byzantine emperors and a history of pilgrimages to Jerusalem.
Image:
18be7233-6630-43cb-968b-f28ca296abd9 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Walter sans - Avoir
  • Godfrey of Bouillon
  • Stephen of Blois
  • Robert of Flanders

Question 76

Question
A knight and lieutenant of Peter the Hermit. His forces plundered Byzantine territory on the way to Constantinople.
Answer
  • Stephen of Blois
  • Robert of Flanders
  • Count Emicho
  • Walter Sans - Avoir

Question 77

Question
A German city and site of an anti - Semitic pogrom in the summer of 1096 by Count Emicho.
Answer
  • Anhalt
  • Mainz
  • Brandenburg
  • Berlin

Question 78

Question
The incorrect belief that Jews murdered and sacrificed Christian children. They were also blamed for the murder of Jesus.
Answer
  • The Jews did it
  • Anti - Semitism
  • Blood libel
  • I have no idea

Question 79

Question
The place where Emicho's army was destroyed.
Answer
  • Spain
  • Hungary
  • England
  • America

Question 80

Question
The site of intrigue between Alexius and the crusader leaders. They were forced to take an oath to him.
Answer
  • Antioch
  • Niacea
  • Alexandria
  • Constantinople

Question 81

Question
The Turkish sultan of Rum. His Seljuk forces were defeated at Nicea and again at Dorylaeum.
Answer
  • Malik Shah
  • Giyath al-Din Kaykhusraw I
  • Suleiman ibn Qutulmish
  • Kilij Arslan I

Question 82

Question
A rival Turkish Dynasty that Kilij Arslan was at war with Anatolia. This benefited the crusade.
Answer
  • Sultanate of Rum
  • The Assassins
  • Danishmends
  • Fatimids

Question 83

Question
The first target of the Crusade. This city surrendered to the Byzantines and the crusaders felt betrayed.
Answer
  • Niacea
  • Antioch
  • Jerusalem
  • Constantinople

Question 84

Question
Alexios' general and representative. He served as a guide/diplomat in Anatolia and led a small force with the crusade to Antioch.
Answer
  • Tedald
  • Count Emicho
  • Walter sans - Avoir
  • Taticius

Question 85

Question
This site of a major battle and victory for the crusaders in Antioch in July 1097. It demonstrated Bohemond's skill.
Answer
  • Dorylaeum
  • Ramlah
  • Inab
  • Harran

Question 86

Question
The extreme heat made this part of the journey very hazardous and many men were lost.
Answer
  • Mainz
  • Niacea
  • Anatolia
  • Cicilia

Question 87

Question
Tancred and Baldwin travelled here and virtually fought each other for control of its cities.
Answer
  • Antioch
  • Niacea
  • Jerusalem
  • Cilicia

Question 88

Question
The crusade benefited from supplies from the Byzantine territory during the siege of Antioch.
Answer
  • France
  • Algeria
  • Cyprus
  • Japan

Question 89

Question
The siege of this city took ten months and almost destroyed the crusade. It was finally given to Bohemond causing Byzantine fury and the end of Alexios' support for the First Crusade.
Answer
  • Niacea
  • Jerusalem
  • Tripoli
  • Antioch

Question 90

Question
These brothers and rulers of Aleppo and Damascus failed to untie against the crusafers and attacked separately whilst the crusaders besieged Antioch.
Answer
  • Nizar & Musta‘li
  • Ridwan & Duqaq
  • Richard & Henry
  • Edward & David

Question 91

Question
The ruler of Mosul. He led a combined Muslim force to Antioch. It was defeated partly through internal disunity and ill- treatment of his men.
Answer
  • Nasir al-Dawla
  • Muhammad ibn Musayyib
  • Za'im al-Dawla Baraka
  • Kerbogha

Question 92

Question
A convert to Islam who betrayed the garrison at Antioch after making a secret deal with Bohemond.
Answer
  • Nizar
  • Firuz
  • Ridwan
  • Duqaq

Question 93

Question
These Shia Muslims attempted to from an alliance with the crusaders against the Seljuks.
Answer
  • Seljuk Turks
  • Abbassids
  • Fatimids
  • The Assassins

Question 94

Question
The construction and co-ordinated use of these demonstrated military skill and was vital to the capture of Jerusalem.
Answer
  • Catapults
  • Siege Engines
  • Weapons
  • Artillery

Question 95

Question
This so called relic was found in Antioch and played a massive role in raising crusader morale.
Answer
  • The Holy Lance
  • St Andrews Cross
  • A piece of the True Cross
  • The Holy Grail

Question 96

Question
The vizier and chief advisor of Malik Shah. His death shortly before his master's in 1092 crippled the Seljuk empire.
Answer
  • Nizam al- Mulk
  • Badr al - Jamali
  • al- Muqtadi
  • Musta 'il and Nizar

Question 97

Question
The powerful Shia Fatimid caliph who death in 1094 was a major blow.
Answer
  • Musta 'il and Nizar
  • Nizam al- Mulk
  • al- Mustansir
  • Badr al - Jamali

Question 98

Question
The religious conviction of these people carried the crusade forward the leaders were divided at Antioch and Maarat.
Answer
  • The people's crusade
  • Pilgrims
  • Soldiers
  • Ordinary Crusaders

Question 99

Question
The capable Fatimid vizier who died very shortly after his master in 1094.
Answer
  • al- Mustansir
  • al - Muqtadi
  • Badr al - Jamali
  • Musta 'il and Nizar

Question 100

Question
The sons of al- Mustansir who fought for the Fatimid throne after their father's death.
Answer
  • Ridwan and Duqaq
  • Musta 'il and Nizar
  • Lot and Abraham
  • David and Goliath

Question 101

Question
The Abbassid Sunni caliph of Baghdad who died in 1094.
Answer
  • al- Mustansir
  • al - Muqtadi
  • Badr al - Jamali
  • Musta 'il and Nizar
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