Flashcards
Information systems-Chapter 4 bold terms
Cards in this deck (41)
- 1The dark side of big data: predictive policingintent was to prevent crime by providing the targeted individuals with information about job training programs or informing them about increased penalties for people with certain crimes. law enforcement used data to identify who would likely commit a crime in the future
- 2The dark side of big data: insurance ratesFlo's chip could be considered discriminatory, system weeds out people who drive late at night and don't spend much time in their cars
- 3the dark side of big data: computerized hiringcomputerized systems filtering job applicants. discriminatory when job applicants are filtered by their commute times, a statistic that correlates a long commute time to less valuable worker
- 4dark side of big data: targeting financially vulnerable individualsexample: data broker might provide a report n retirees with little or no savings to a company offering reverse mortgages, high-cost loans, or other financially risky products
- 5ethicsrefers to the principles of right and wrong that individuals, acting as free moral agents, use to make choices to guide their behaviors
- 6five moral dimensions of the information age are?information rights and obligations, property rights and obligations, accountability and control, system quality, quality of life
- 7five trends raising ethical issuescomputing power doubles every 18 months, data storage costs rapidly decline, data analysis advances, networking advances, mobile device growth impact
- 8profilingthe use of computers to combine data from multiple sources and create digital dossiers of detailed information on indvidiuals
- 9non obvious relationship awareness (NORA)data analysis technology giving both the government and private sector even more powerful profiling capabilities
- 10responsibilityyou accept the potential costs, duties, and obligations for the decisions you make
- 11accountabilityfeature of both systems and social institutions; means that mechanisms are in place to determine who took action, and who is responsible
- 12due processfeature of law governed societies and is a process in which laws are known and understood, and ability exists to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws applied correctly
- 13five step process to ethical analysis is?identify and describe the facts clearly, define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved identify the stakeholders, identify the options that you can reasonably take, identify the potential consequences of your options
- 14golden ruleputting yourself in someone else's shoes;empathy
- 15Immanuel Kant's categorical imperativeIf everyone did this, could the organization or society survive?
- 16slippery slope rulean action that brings about small change now, but if repeated it will bring unacceptable change in the long run
- 17utilitarian principlerule assumes you can prioritize values in a rank order to understand the consequences of various courses of action
- 18risk aversion principlebuilding a nuclear generating facility in an urban area; high failure cost over very low probability, by slight chance that something goes wrong you are screwed
- 19ethical "no free lunch" ruleif something someone else has created is useful to you, it has value, and you should assume the creator wants compensation for this work
- 20privacyclaim of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance or interference from other individuals or organizations, including the state
- 21Fair Information Practices (FIP)1973 written report, updated 2010, takes into account new privacy-invading technology
- 22informed consentcustomers must provide this before any company can legally use data about them, and they have the right to access that information, correct it, and request that no further data be collected
- 23safe harborprivate, self regulating policy and enforcement mechanism that meets the objectives of government regulators and legislation but does not involve government regulation or enforcement
- 24cookiessmall text files deposited on a computer hard drive when a user visits websites
- 25web beaconsweb bugs (tracking files), tiny software programs that keep a record of users online clickstreams
- 26spywarecan secretly install itself on an internets users computer by piggybacking on larger applications
- 27opt outmodel of informed consent permits the collection of personal information until the consumer specifically requests the data not to be collected
- 28opt-inmodel of informed consent in which a business is prohibited from collecting any personal information unless the consumer specifically takes action to approve information collection and use
- 29intellectual propertyconsidered to be both tangible and intangible products of the mind created by individuals or corporations
- 30trade secretany intellectual work product--a formula, device, pattern, or compilation of data-- used for a business purpose.coke secret recipe
- 31copyrightstatutory grant that protects creators of intellectual property from having their work copied by others for any purpose during the life of the author plus an additional 70 years after the authors death
- 32patentgrants the owner an exclusive monopoly on the ideas behind an invention for 20 years
- 33digital millennium copyright act (DMCA)1998 also provides some copyright protection, implemented a World Intellectual Property Organization for the purpose of catching people who try to find loopholes
- 34computer crimecommission of illegal acts by using a computer or against a computer system
- 35computer abusecommission of acts involving a computer that may not be illegal but are considered unethical
- 36spamoriginally junk email an organization or individual sent to a mass audience of internet users who have expressed no interest in the product or service being marketed, spread to cell phones
- 37digital dividecould lead to a society of information haves--computer literate and skilled--versus a large group of information have nots, computer illiterate/unskilled
- 38repetitive stress injury (RSI)occurs when muscle groups are forced through repetitive actions often with high impact loads, or tens of thousands of repititions with low impact loads (typing on a computer all day)
- 39carpal tunnel syndromepressure on the median nerve through the wrist that causes pain
- 40computer vision syndromerefers to any eyestrain condition related to display screen use in desktop computers, laptops, e-readers, smartphones, and handheld video games
- 41—
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- Flashcards on Information systems-Chapter 4 bold terms, created by Kamron White on 27/09/2017.
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- Kamron White
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