Flashcards

Anatomy Practicals week 1-3

Dolu Falowo Foundations 1 English 30 cards

Cards in this deck (30)

1What happens to a tissue for it to be viewed?1) Fixed using a chemical/physical methods to prevent autolytic degradation or putrefaction of the tissue
2) Embedded in wax (blocks) before being cut into sections
3) Placed on microscope slide and wax is removed
4) Stained using H&E, Masson's trichrome or elastic van Gieson.
2What are the types of microscopes used?-Bright-field or light microscope
-Fluorescence microscope
-Transmission electromicroscopy (TEM)
3Main types of tissue?Epithelial
Connective/support
Muscle
Nervous
4What is the function of epithelia?-covers body surfaces, lines tracts/tubes, forms glands
-covers surfaces that communicate with the exterior of the body (form a barrier)
-selective diffusion, absorption or secretion (simple epithelia)
-physical protection (stratified)
-in urinary tract (transitional)
-transport of particles out of airways (pseudostratified)
-avascular
5Shapes of epithelial cells?-squamous (flat cell/nucleus)
-columnar (elongated cell/nucleus)
-cuboidal (round/square cell with a spherical nucleus)
6Types of intracellular junctions?Occluding/tight
Adherins
Desmosomes
Hemidesmosomes
Gap
7Describe: Occluding/tight Gap AdherinsLie immediately underneath apical surface. Prevent leakage of molecules between cells and maintain cellular polarity
Forms channels that allow small molecules (ie. ions) to pass between cells. Helps communication between cells.
Connect actin filament bundles in adjacent cells
8Describe: Desmosomes HemidesmosomesConnect intermediate filaments in adjacent cells
Anchor intermediate filaments in a cell to the basal lamina (prevent cells sliding off)
9Label:
10—Supination
Pronation
11—Flexion
Extension
Flexion
Extension
12—Opposition
Reposition
13—Circumduction
14—Abduction
Adduction
15—Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
16—Inversion
Eversion
17—1. Sagittal plane
2. Coronal plane
3. Transverse/horizontal
18Anterior Posterior Lateral Medial Para-sagittal plane DorsalFront
Back
Further away from medial plane
Closer to medial plane
Parallel to medial plane
Back of hand
19Ipsilateral Contralateral Inferior Superior Supine ProneSame side
Opposite side
Towards feet
Towards crown of head
Lying horizontally on their back
Lying horizontally on their front
20Define: Protraction RetractionMovement of body part in the anterior direction.
Movement of body part in the posterior direction.
21What is connective tissue?Tissue of mesodermal origin which gives structural and metabolic support for other tissues and organs throughout the body. It fills volume in the body
22What are the 2 types of connective tissue and what is their function?Loose connective tissue surrounds blood vessels and underlies the basement membrane of epithelia. It is the site of metabolic exchange between capillary and the tissue it supplies.
Dense connective tissue provides tough physical support and protection
23What are the 3 components of connective tissue?Fibres
Ground substance (collectively the ECM)
Cells
24What are the 2 types of fibres and their properties?Collagen fibres are flexible but have a high tensile strength.
Elastin fibres provide connective tissue with the ability to stretch and recoil back to its original shape.
25What is ground substance composed of?Proteoglycans which are highly hydrophilic molecules that trap water within the matrix.
26What are fibroblasts? Shape?They produce the collagen and elastin
fibres and ground substance
Cigar-shaped (elongated with triangles cut out of the sides)
27Difference between loose/dense connective tissueLoose is composed largely of hydrated ground substance with few fibres and fibroblasts.
Dense is composed largely of fibres with sparse ground substance and fibroblasts. Dense regular has collagen fibres in an organised fashion while dense irregular has collage fibres arranged randomly.
28What type of cell stores fat? What are the 2 types and their function? Where is its nucleus? How does it appear on histology slides?Adipose tissue/adipocytes
White adipose is used for long term storage of fat for energy. It has 1 large cytoplasmic lipid droplet.
Brown adipose is used to release heat to warm the blood. It has many lipid droplets with many mitochondria.
Its nucleus is pushed to 1 side in white adipose but in the middle in brown adipose. It appears white on slides as the lipid is dissolved by the solvent used.
29What are reticular fibres?-Made up of type III collagen fibres
-Form a network where lymph and cells can pass
30What other cells are present?-Fibroblasts
-Macrophages (derived from monocytes in the blood)
-Mast cells
-Adipocytes
-Plasma cells
-Other leukocytes