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Pharmacology 2 - anticholingerics

Deleted user User has deleted their subject information English 90 cards

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  1. 1What is the main effect of an anticholinergic?Competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors
  2. 2What do anticholinergics/antimuscarinics do to lacrimal, salivary, respiratory, GI and sweat secretions?Decrease secretions
  3. 3What do anticholingerics/ antimuscarinics agents do to GI?Decrease tone/ motility of GI tract
  4. 4What do anticholinergics/ antimuscarinics do to the bladder?Relaxation of the bladder causing urinary retention
  5. 5What do anticholinergics/antimuscarinics do to the lungsbronchodilators
  6. 6What do anticholinergics/antimuscarinics do to eyes (3)?Mydriasis (dilation of pupil)
    Cycloplegia (loss of accommodation)
    Increased intraocular pressure
  7. 7What do anticholinergics/antimuscarinics do to to heart?increase heart rate
  8. 8Which anticholinergic/antimuscarinic causes transient bradycardia?Atropine
  9. 9What do anticholinergics/antimuscarinics do to the CNS at low doses?Sedation and amnesia
  10. 10What do anticholinergics/antimuscarinics causes what to CNS at high doses?Excitation and Seizures
  11. 11Which salts do not cause CNS affectsQuaternary salts
  12. 12Which GI disorders do anticholingerics agents treat?cramping, diarrhea and IBS
  13. 13Which type of urinary problems do anticholinergics treat?treatment of urinary incontinence
  14. 14Anticholingerics are used as mydriatic agents (dilation) but what type of patient would this be bad for?Glaucoma patient with high IOP
  15. 15Why are anticholinergics used as a preoperative medication?To reduce vagal tone on heart and dry secretions
  16. 16Cholinesterase inhibitors are used to reverse the effects of neuromuscular blockers, why are anticholinergics given?to prevent muscarinic side effects
  17. 17In what type of poisoning would an anticholinergic be given?As an antidote with cholinesterase inhibitors or muscarinic agonist
  18. 18What does the anticholinergic Scopolamine prevent?Motion sickness
  19. 19Which three anticholingerics help treat parkinson's?Benztropine, trihexyphenidyl, diphenhydramine
  20. 20Which two anticholinergics help reduce salivation during dental procedures?Atropine and Glycopyrrolate
  21. 21What will atropine do in an emergency situation?Cardiac stimulation
  22. 22What two anticholinergics treat asthma and COPD?Ipratropium and tiatropinium
  23. 23What do anticholinergics do to respiratory secretions?Dry secretiokns
  24. 24What are the side effects of anticholingerics for mouth and skin?Dry mouth and dry hot skin
  25. 25What are the side effects of anticholinergics for renal and GI system?Constipation and urinary retention
  26. 26What are the side effects of anticholinergics for eyes? (3)Visual disturbances/ blurred vision and photophobia
  27. 27What are the side effects of anticholinergics on CNS?Sedation, confusion and amnesia (more common in elderly patients)
  28. 28What are the four counterindications for anticholingerics?Glaucoma (with narrow-angle), prostatic hypertrophy, cardiovascular instability and severe ulcerative colitis
  29. 29What are the symptoms of acute anticholinergic poisoning of the skindry hot skin, hyperthermia
  30. 30What are the symptoms of acute anticholinergic poisoning of the eyes?severe mydriasis, blurring of vision and photophobia
  31. 31What are the symptoms of acute anticholinergic poisoning of CNS?Stimulation including agitation, hallucinations and seizures progressing to coma and death
  32. 32What are the symptoms of acute anticholinergic poisoning of the GI system?Cessation of GI motility (no bowel sounds)
  33. 33What are the symptoms of acute anticholinergic poisoning of the heart?Weak, rapid pulse, tachycardia and arrhythmias
  34. 34What medication is used for anticholinergic poisoning?Cholinesterase inhibitors like physostigmine
  35. 35What helps treatment of seizures for anticholinergic poisoning?Benzodiazepine
  36. 36What helps reduce the hyperthermia of anticholinergic poisoning?Ice baths
  37. 37Why is the pt kept in a dark quiet area after anticholinergic poisoning ?To prevent photophobia (more sensitive due to dilation) and excitement
  38. 38What other drugs block muscarinic receptors and have anticholingeric side effects?antihistamines, antipsychotics and antidepressants
  39. 39What type of poisoning do antihistamines, antipsychotics and antidepressents mimic?atropine poisoning
  40. 40What is the anticholinergic atropine and where does is come from?Naturally occurring belladonna alkaloids from deadly nightshade and jimson weed
  41. 41What is atropine chemically?A racemic mixture or D and L hyoscyamine
  42. 42Which isomer is more chemically active in atropine?L-hyoscyamine
  43. 43Homatropine is a semisynthetic analog of atropine, how is it different?It contains a hydroxyl group
  44. 44Why does homatropine not penetrate into the CNSIts a methylbromide salt
  45. 45What is atropine often called?Prototype antimuscarinic agent
  46. 46What does atropine do to the heart? Why is it odd?Tachycardia with slight increase in cardiac output; but initially it may cause transient bradycardia
  47. 47What types of MI would atropine be used for?When the vasal tone results in low cardiac output and fall in BP
  48. 48Blood vessels do not have parasympathetic innervation so typical doses of atropinehave little effect on blood pressure
  49. 49Atropine has little effect on BP but paired with acetylcholine or other muscarinic agonists it canreverse hypotensive actions
  50. 50What is atropine assocaited with in the blood vesselscutaneous vasodilation and flushing of skin
  51. 51What are the three effects of atropine on the eyeMydriasis (pupillary dilation), cycloplegia (paralysis of accommodation) and increased IOP
  52. 52What happens when a patient with glaucoma has atropine place in the eye?Acute attack of glaucoma with catastrophic increases in IOP
  53. 53What are the inhibitory effects of atropine on motility and tone of the GI tract called?antispasmodic action
  54. 54Why is atropine not used for ulcer patients if it helps increase gastric acid?Relatively high doses of atropine are needed for effect
  55. 55What type of GI problems is atropine used for?IBS, because its antispasmodic
  56. 56What does atropine do to the bladder? What does it cause?Atropine relaxes the body and contracts the sphincter which results in urine retention
  57. 57What can atropine help treat?Urinary incontinence
  58. 58With what urinary disease is atropine counterindicated? Name a disease with it?Urinary retention which is associated with prostatic hypertrophy
  59. 59What does atropine do to sweat glands? Who is more susceptible?Inhibit sweating which causes rise in body temp, children especially sensitive
  60. 60What does atropine do to salivary glans? Which is associated with what classic side effect of atropine-like drugsInhibits secretion saliva; dry mouth
  61. 61What does atropine do to the respiratory system? What does it do to a lesser extent?Dry secretions throughout respiratory tree and some bronchodilation activity
  62. 62What are the different side effects of atropine on CNS at lower, higher an moderate high?Sedative effects; stimulant effects (agitation and seizures) and hallucinogenic effects
  63. 63What is the main use of atropine as a preoperative medication for the heart?Reduce secretions and block vasal reflexes (parasympathetic reflexes) of the heart
  64. 64What type of MI is atropine used for, to do what?Where there's an increase in bagal tone asa cardiac stimulant
  65. 65Another main use of atropine is when it is used as an antidote for what?poisoning of cholinesterase inhibitors or muscarinic agonist
  66. 66Another main use of atropine is when is used as a respiratory medication to?Dry respiratory secretions
  67. 67Another main use is when atropine is used ophthalmology as a?Mydriatic and cycloplegic agent
  68. 68Another main use is in the treatment of GI disorders as an?antispasmodic
  69. 69At 0.5 mg what does atropine do?Cardiac slowing/ dryness of mouth/ inhibition of sweating
  70. 70At 1 mg what does atropine do?Definite dryness of mouth, thirst/ acceleration of heart and mild dilation of pupil
  71. 71At 2 mg, what does atropine do?Rapid HR, marked dryness of mouth, dilated pupils, blurring of near vision
  72. 72At 5mg, what does atropine do?all symptoms are marked, difficulty speaking and swallowing, restlessness and fatigue, HA, dry hot skin, reduced intestinal peristalsis, difficulty in micturition(voiding)
  73. 73At 10 mg, what does atropine do?Symptoms more marked, pulse is rapid and weak, iris is partially obliterated, vision is very blurred, skin is flushed, hot and dry, scarlet, ataxia, restlessness and excitement, hallucination and delirium/ coma
  74. 74Where can anticholinergic scopolamine be found and what is it similar to?Natural product found in Hyoscyamus niger, chemically similar to atropine
  75. 75Why can't scopolamine's analog methscopolamine cross the blood-brain barrier?it's a quaternary analog
  76. 76Scopolamine effects are similar to atropine but it hasmore of a CNS depressant effect (sedation and amnesia)
  77. 77Scopolamine is taken orally or in patch form (transderm Scop) to prevent what?motion sickness and vertigo
  78. 78L-hyoscyamine is what? Main use?l-isomer of atropine; as an antispasmodic for treatment of IBS
  79. 79How is dicyclomine (bentyl) described and what is its use?non-quaternary antimuscarinic agent; used as an intestinal antispasmodic treatment of IBS
  80. 80How is propantheline (probanthine) different from dicyclomine if it is also an antimuscarinic with antispasmodic efects?Its a quaternary compound with few CNS effects
  81. 81Anticholinergic Glycopyrrolate (Robinul) can be used as a general antimuscarinic agent with intestinal antispasmodic effects but what other role does it have? Can it affect the brain?as a preoperative medication to dry respiratory secretions and inhibit vagal reflexes; no its a quaternary antimuscarinic agent
  82. 82Which are the three antimuscarinic agents have few systematic affects and are quaternary salts used for the treatment of asthma and COPD?Ipratropium (atrovent), tiatropium (spiriva) and Aclidinium (Tudorza)
  83. 83How do Tiotropium and Aclidinium differ from IpratropiumThey have longer duration of actions
  84. 84Aclidinium is a new quaternary drug for COPD that is longer acting than in the lung but is rapidly broken down by esterases in the plasma, how are these attributes beneficial?less potential for systematic effects than other agents
  85. 85Which two anticholinergics are centrally acting drugs used for parkinson's or drug induced parkinsonism?Benzotropine (Cogentin) and Trihexyphenidyl (atrone)
  86. 86Which four anticholinergics are used in treatment of urinary incontinence due to an overactive bladder?Tolterodine (detrol), oxybutynin (ditropan) and solifenacin (Vesicare), Festerodine (toviaz)
  87. 87Which anticholinergic is used to dilate the pupil for ophthalmologic examinationTropicamide (midriacyl)
  88. 88Most anticholinergics are relatively nonselective and fail to block?Specific GI and bladder functions at doses that lack trouble atropinic actions
  89. 89Which type of anticholinergic has poor absorption and is unpredictable?Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
  90. 90—

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User has deleted their subject information Flashcards on Pharmacology 2 - anticholingerics, created by Deleted user on 19/10/2017.
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  • Created by Jen Orellana · Oct 19, 2017
  • Copied by Jen Orellana · Oct 19, 2017
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