Flashcards
CC 100- (1) What is criminology
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1David Milgaard Case1970- convicted of capital murder, sentenced to death
1992- court could not conclude beyond reasonable doubt that Milgaard was not guilty
1997- DNA testing proves Milgaard's innocence - 2Criminology"body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon"
-includes making, breaking and reacting of laws
-the goal is scientific - 3Discipline of Criminology (6 areas)1. definition of crime & criminals
2. origins & role of the law
3. Social distribution of crime
4. causation of crime
5. patterns of criminal behaviour
6. societal reactions to crime - 4Biological ApproachesCesare Lombroso & Positivist School argued criminality was a biological trait (born criminal)
(some individuals have personality traits that predispose them to crime) - 5Psychological Approaches*focus on individual criminal behaviour to predict risk of reoffending & evaluate effectiveness of treatment & rehabilitation
- 6Sociological Approachesfocuses on social order and how social forces work to define crime & create the conditions in which it is able to flourish or diminish
- 7Law/ Legal Studieshistory of law is central to criminology by providing insight into the changing nature of crime and the appropriate responses to it
- 8CPTEDCrime Prevention Through Environmental Design - approach that examines ways to increase natural surveillance
- 9Geographic Profilingstudies urban environments and behaviours of serial predators to determine likely residence of a specific offender
- 10Green Criminologyrooted in environmental & animal rights movements
-calls for tighter animal cruelty laws - 11Terrorismdeliberate use or threat to use violence against civilians to attain political, ideological and religious goals
- 12Surveillance Studies-massive amounts of personal information are available
-focus on personal information in order to influence, manage, or control those whose information is collected - 13Qualitative Research Methodsused by lawyers & sociologists ( semi-structured interviews with offenders, victims, police, field observations)
- 14Quantitative Research Methodsused by psychologists & economists (numerical analysis or large data sets, mathematical, statistical, computational techniques)
- 15Legal Definition of Crimean act that violates criminal law & is punishable
- 16Human Rights definition of Crimeif an act violated someone's rights to the necessities of life it is a crime
- 17Consensus Crimesalmost everyone agrees they should be punished (most severe & harmful behaviours)
e.g. Murder, arson, robbery, rape, etc. - 18Conflict Crimeswrong by prohibition- e.g. drug & alcohol crimes
- 19Social Diversionsnot necessarily criminal but officially controlled (e.g. parking violations, trespassing)
- 20Social deviationsviolation of social norms (folkways)
- 21—