Flashcards
Nematodes 1
Cards in this deck (37)
- 1What are some key features of the body structure of a bursate nematode?mouth and tubular gut
stoma at head end
chitinous body wall
tubular digestive tract - 2What are the key features of female bursate nematodes?tail
annules (ring around base of tail)
anus - 3What are the key features of a male bursate nematode?copulatory bursa
three-pronged spicules - 4What is characteristic of the Trichostrongyloidea superfamily?small buccal capsule
direct life cycle - 5Of what animals are the Trichostrongyloidea parasites most important?ruminants
- 6Where in the body are Trichostrongyloidea mostly parasitic?in the gut
- 7What roundworm and member of the Trichostrongyloidea superfamily is most common in cows?Ostertagia ostertagi
- 8In adults, where is Ostertagia ostertagi found?within the surface abomasal mucosa
- 9What is the appearance of Ostertagia ostertagi?slender
red-brown
about 1 cm long - 10What type of life cycle does Ostertagia ostertagi have?direct life cycle
- 11What is the definitive host in the Ostertagia Ostertagi life cycle?adult cows
- 12Describe the life cycle of Ostertagia Ostertagieggs shed in faeces
hatch and develop to L3
L3 migrate onto grass
L3 ingested by host with feeding
L3 exsheaths in rumen and develops to adult in abomasal gland
adults emerges after 18 days - 13What is the pathogenesis of Ostertagia ostertagi with regards to the gastric gland?reduction in gastric gland mass
replacement of parietal cells with rapidly proliferating and poorly differentiated cells - 14What is the pathogenesis of Ostertagia ostertagi with regards to pH?HCl production is reduced
pH rises
pepsinogen not cleaved to pepsin
protein not digested
bacteria not killed - 15What is the pathogenesis of Ostertagia ostertagi with regards to gastric mucosa?mucosa becomes thickened and hyperplastic
cell junctions do not fully form
protein moves from blood to lumen
pepsinogen moves from lumen to blood - 16How are the cell junctions described under Ostertagia ostertagi pathogenesis?'leaky' cell junctions (movement of proteins out of cells)
- 17What are the clinical signs of an infection with Ostertagia ostertagi?diarrhoea
anorexia
weight loss
submandibular oedema
death - 18What is the cause of the majority of clinical signs associated with Ostertagia ostertagi?the loss of protein from cells into the lumen
- 19What are low levels of parasitic infection characterised by?sub-clinical disease (poor weight gain and production loss)
- 20How is Ostertagia ostertagi diagnosed?clinical and sub-clinical signs
season and grazing history
faecal egg counts
plasma pepsinogen - 21What is hypobiosis?arrested development of larvae at early L4 stage
- 22Why do some parasites undergo hypobiosis?useful life cycle adaptation to ensure persistence through colder winter months
- 23When do larvae emerge from hypobiosis?late winter/early spring
- 24Why is hypobiosis such a problem?causes acute onset of severe disease
- 25What type of infection does hypobiosis cause with regards to Ostertagia ostertagi?type 2 ostertagiosis
- 26What causes hypobiosis with Ostertagia ostertagi?immunity of calves
cold conditions of L3
photperiod?
innate arrest? - 27What is the treatment for an Ostertagia ostertagi infection?anthelmintic treatment
- 28What should be done to control parasitic infections?prevention
encourage herd immunity
reduce opportunity for build up of high burdens - 29What stages of Ostertagia ostertagi occur in the host?L4 larvae
adult - 30What stages of Ostertagia ostertagi occur in the faeces?embryonated eggs
L1, L2 - 31What stage of Ostertagia ostertagi occurs on pasture?L3
- 32How does Ostertagiosis epidemiology affect infection?larvae build up on pasture over winter
ingested at spring turnout
infections cycle - 33When is Ostertagiosis most commonly seen and why?late summer as the pathology is related to burden and so the burden gradually increase over spring and summer grazing
- 34What is Type 1 Ostertagiosis?affects calves in first grazing season
ingestion of large number of infective L3
increasing burden
disease from mid-July in UK - 35What is Type 2 Ostertagiosis?affects yearlings
late winter/spring following first grazing
maturation of larvae from hypobiosis year before - 36What is the pathogenesis of Type 1 Ostertagiosis?high morbidity
low mortality
diarrhoea
poor weight gain
high egg counts - 37What is the pathogenesis of Type 2 Ostertagiosis?low morbidity
high mortality
hypoalbuminaemia
anaemia and weight loss
low egg counts
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- Animal Disease 1 Flashcards on Nematodes 1, created by Louise Mason on 07/02/2018.
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- Louise Mason
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