Flashcards
the 7 subsystems of language
Cards in this deck (40)
- 1phonologythe sound system of languages;
also addresses the syllable structure and the sequence of sounds in a word
- 2What are the two subsets of phonology?segmental phonology
&
suprasegmental phonology - 3segmental phonologyfocuses on the discrete sounds within a language-phonemes.
- 4Phonemesthe smallest units of sound
- 5allophonesthe manifestations of a single phoneme
- 6suprasegmental phonologyfocuses on intonation, stress patterns, and other features that occur across phonemes
- 7Why is the the knowledge of phonology important for teachers?it helps them "understand issues related to pronunciation, accents, and regional varieties of English"
(Wright, p. 31) - 8morphologythe study of the structure of words; also address the creation of new words through different techniques
- 9morphemessmallest units that carry meaning or have a grammatical function
- 10What is the difference between a free morpheme and bound morpheme?
- 11How many morphemes does the word "books" have? What are they? Are they free or bound morphemes?There are two:
!) book is a free morpheme
2) -s, which expresses plurality, is a
bound morpheme - 12What is the difference between inflectional and derivational morphemes?
- 13Is the -s in books inflectional or derivational morpheme?inflectional
- 14Is the mis- in misrepresent a inflectional or derivational morpheme?derivational
- 15Why is having a knowledge of morphology important for teachers?They can use this knowledge "to help students understand how to change verb tenses, how to make compound words, plurals and possessives, and comparatives and superlatives"
(Wright, p. 32) - 16syntaxthe study of rules governing the way words are combines to form sentences and the rules governing the arrangement of sentences in sequences
(Wright, p. 33)
- 17Which sentence follows proper English word order? Mom gave my book to Dad. OR To book my gave Dad Mom.Mom gave my book to dad.
- 18Why is knowledge of syntactic rules on words order necessary?because the following of those rules allow us to comprehend the meaning of what is being said (orally or in writing).
(Wright, p. 33) - 19Why might an ELL student whose first language is Spanish say "car red" instead of "red car"?Because different languages can have different syntactic rules regarding word order, and in Spanish adjectives come after the nouns
- 20Semanticsthe study of the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences;
helps understand the relationships between words;
addresses things such as modality/mood(command vs. statement), personal pronouns (he vs she),
and words that provide orientation or points of reference (here, now)
- 21All words have semantic features that indicate various properties or meanings are inherent in the word: woman. For example, the word "girl" contain these features: animate, human female. What semantic features does the word "man" have?animate, human, adult, male
- 22Why does our understanding of semantics help us recognize how odd this sentence is? My turtle is an great mechanicThe semantic features of turtle do not include human, and only humans can be mechanics.
- 23What do synonyms, antonyms, homophones, homonyms, hyponyms, converseness, and polysemy, and part/whole realtionship words have in common?They help us understand the relationships between words
- 24homophoneswords that sound the same but have different meanings
- 25homonymswords that have two or more meanings
- 26hyponyms
- 27converseness
- 28polysemy
- 29part/whole relationshipsrefers to the relationships between words in which one or more words are part of another
- 30How does knowledge of semantics help teachers?Helps them develop vocabulary lessons with semantically related words which are easier for ELLs to learn,
informs their teaching of cognates,
helps them understand why certain students have trouble with personal pronouns or - 31Pragmaticsthe study of language from the point of view of the user, especially in terms of choices they make, constraints they encounter in using language in social interaction, and the effect their use of language has on other participants in an act of communication
- 32How does pragmatics help explain this misunderstandi-ng that is occuring?Pragmatics can help us understand the 'invisible" meaning in conversations/words which help us to interpret speech acts as requests, commands, questions, or statements.
The child is not understanding that although the mother had said a statement she meant it as a command.
- 33TRUE OR FALSE From pragmatics, we learn that it is what we say and not how we say it that conveys the intended meaning.FALSE
"From pragmatics, we understand that it's not just what we say but often how we say it that conveys the intended meaning"
(Wright, p. 35) - 34Why is a knowledge of pragmatics necessary for teachers?They can use it to help their ELLS learn the underlying rules of interactions needed for successful interaction in and out of the classroom.
- 35Lexicon
- 36In order for a person to use a word from the lexicon they must have what four kinds of information1) its sound and sequencing
2) its meaning
3) its category (i.e noun, verb) and how to use it in a sentence
4) how related words such as plural and past tenses are formed - 37It is necessary for teachers to build up their ELLs lexicon by building up their vocabulary. How can teachers help their students acquire new words?by understanding that vocabulary acquisition happens most easily in context and related topics that students care about
- 38SpellingModern American English is logical and systematic, so two words may be spelled similarly because they are related in meaning. Additionally, the spelling of a word may reflect its origin.
(Wright, p. 36)
- 39examples of two words being spelled similarly because of their meaningEXAMPLE #1
know:
be aware of through observation, inquiry, or information.
&
acknowledge:
accept or admit the existence or truth of.
EXAMPLE #2
sign:
an object, quality, or event whose presence or occurrence indicates the probable presence or occurrence of something else.
&
signify:
be an indication of. - 40examples of words whose spelling reflect their origincroissants (French)
tamale (Spanish)
jaguar (Guarani)
Information
- Description
- Wright, W. E. (2015). Foundations for teaching English language learners: Research, theory, policy, and practice. Philadelphia: Caslon Publishing.
- Created by
- Stephanie Mora
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