Flashcards
SIN AND FORGIVENESS full test
Cards in this deck (34)
- 1DEFINE ABSOLUTISMSomething is always morally right or morally wrong regardless of the circumstances
- 2DEFINE RELATIVISMSomething is morally right or wrong dependent on the circumstance
- 3WHAT ARE THE 5 PURPOSES OF PUNISHMENT1. Retribution - Revenge
2. Reformation - Change
3. Deterrence - Put off
4. Protection - Protect
5. Vindication -uphold the Law - 4HOW DOES REFORMATION SUPPORT CHRISTIAN IDEAS OF PUNISHMENT1.Reformation is at the heart of punishment and primary purpose of punishment
2. No one is perfect - but sin/crime comes from a place of brokeness not wholeness
2. Jesus died to atone for sin
3. Examples of the impact of Jesus on people to change - St Paul/Matthew/John Pridmore
4. If people truly change for the better they will not commit crime again
5. It is therefore right and proper to punish to help people change - 5Give 2 sayings of Jesus on forgiveness from Matthew's Gospel'Forgive, not 7 times, but 77 times'
&
'If you forgive others God will forgive you; but if you do not forgive, God will not forgive you' - 6What does Jesus mean when he says forgive 77 times not 7 timesMeaning forgive every time
Forgiveness is limitless.
It is a duty to forgive - 7What does it mean when Jesus says 'If you do not forgive your heavenly father will not forgive you!'Jesus warns about being hypocritical - expecting forgiveness but not giving it to others
We need forgiveness from God as we are not perfect - we should not judge others - we don't know their struggles - 8Explain HOW it is compatible to punish someone AND forgive.Forgiveness is not about 'letting someone off the hook'
BUT retribution is not the motivation of a Christian
We should punish to reform, deter, and protect others
But holding onto bitterness and anger hurts us more
We will need God's help to forgive others - 9WHAT IS MEANT BY CAPTIAL PUNISHMENTThe execution of a person by the state/government for a (serious) crime they have been found guilty of
- 10HOW HAS THE CATHOLIC CHURCH'S TEACHING ABOUT CAPITAL PUNISHMENT CHANGED/DEVELOPED OVER TIME1. In the past it never challenged it. -Death penalty was accepted in general. They used it themselves
2. As society progressed so has understandings about punishment and it as been said to be only used 'rarely'
3. Recently, Pope Francis has spoken out against it completely - 11What is St Augustine's teaching about Capital punishmentThe death penalty was a common practice in St Augustine's time - he therefore accepts its reality but teaches that:
1. 'We pity the person but hate the offence or transgression' - hate the sin/love the sinner
2. It is right to punish so they can reform : 'the less do we want the offender to die without correcting his vices.'
3. Reform is essential in this life: 'There is no space to reform character except in this life.
4. If they are executed before they reform then eternal punishment awaits the soul 'punishment will end this life..but once it is ended they will not be able to bring this punishment to an end. - 12What does Pope John Paul II teach about Capital PunishmentIn his document Evangelium Vitae (the Gospel of life) Pope JP 2nd says
i) We should punish the offender 'Public authority must impose an adequate punishment for the crime
ii) We should protect society- 'authority must fulfil the purpose of defending other peoples safety.
iii) Help the offender reform 'an adequate punishment as a condition for the offender to regain his/her freedom'
iv) Avoid executing someone to achieve the above 'if bloodless means are sufficient we should limit ourselves to such means.'
'ought not go to the extremes of executing'..
v) Although there may be the an exception to the rule ' when it would not be possible to protect society' 'In cases of absolute necessity.' - 13What is the document that Pope John Paul II wrote about Capital PunishmentEvangelium Vitae which means the 'Gospel of life'
- 14What does Pope Francis say about the death penalty'All men and women of good will should work to abolish the death penalty.'
meaning that we should do everything to ban it - 15Biblical quotes sometimes used in favour of the death penalty (Capital PunishmentAn eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a life for a life' - meaning that justice is served; things are balanced up.
'Whoever sheds human blood, by humans shall their blood be shed.' Meaning if you take a life you will forfeit yours
'Give to ceasar what is caesars and to God what belongs to God ' - meaning that if the law of the land uses CP then it is acceptable. - 16BIBLICAL QUOTES TO USE AGAINS CAPITAL PUNISHMENTJesus said 'Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you.' And also 'Turn the other cheek' CP is a form of revenge and denies this teaching
A hallmark of Jesus teaching is about the chance to reform 'Repent and believe the good News'
2. Do not Kill... (does that need to be any clearer?) - 17General arguments in favour of Capital Punishment (death penalty)1. acts as a deterrent
2. Gives justice/closure to the victims family.
3. Rarely needed - but still needed in some cases (JPii)
4. Orders society so is in keeping with Aquinas Natural Law precepts - 18General arguments against Capital Punishment1. Doesn't act as a deterrent - more violent crime in states where there is the death penalty
2. Introduces disorder into society - violence from the top
3. Its never needed - our penal systems are better
4. Against human dignity.
5. Possibility of executing an innocent - 19What is meant by SALVATION & How is it linked to the INCARNATIONSalvation means to be saved.
Incarnation is the belief that Jesus is both fully human and fully divine.
Jesus has to be divine in order to have the power to save us and human in order for us to be able to relate.
The incarnation is the means by which God brings us salvation - 20How does Jesus' death achieve salvation1. Jesus' death is seen as an ATONEMENT for sin
2. Jesus puts right what Adam did wrong. - saves us from Original Sin/ frees us from bondage of sin
3. Jesus pays the price for sin
4. Jesus is the new SACRIFICE - 'lamb of God'
5. 'For God so loved the world that he sent his only son' - 21Why is the Mass called 'the sacrifice of the Mass'1. AT MASS Catholics remember the last supper and death of Jesus on the Cross
2. Links to the idea that Jesus' death is a sacrifice which achieves out salvation
3. Jesus replaces the lamb at the Passover and is called the 'lamb of God'
4. Mass is offered at an altar - a place of Sacrifice - 22Why is it important for Christians to partake in salvation1. Jesus' death and resurrection on their own is not enough
2. We have to do some work for our salvation too.
3. We must try to live by the Gospel
4. God send's us 'grace' to help us.
5. We must be open to God's grace in our lives - 23What is meant by Grace Actual Grace Sanctifying GraceGrace = God's help in our lives
Catholics believe Grace is experienced in 2 ways - ACTUAL AND SANCTIFYING
Actual = God's help in our actions
Sanctifying = God's help received in the sacraments - 24What are the 7 sacraments Group them in terms of initiation/Healing and VocationSacraments of initiation (belonging) BAPTISM, CONFIRMATION AND EUCHARIST
Sacraments of healing
RECONCILIATION and Anointing of the SICK
Sacraments of Vocation
Marriage and Ordination - 25How to the sacraments help us gain salvationSacraments give us sanctifying grace which changes us and makes us holy
Baptism gives us the grace to fight sin and evil
Confirmation gives us the grace to be witnesses to Jesus in the world
Eucharist regularly gives us God's grace in our day to day lives - like a spiritual food
Reconciliation -grace to start again and move forward
Anointing of the sick - grace to face illness and/or death
Marriage and ordination God's help in our lives of service
God meets us at special moments in our lives
They build up and strengthen our relationship with God - 26What is the sacramental nature of reality?1. A sacrament is an outward sign of inward grace given to the soul.
2. Creation shows the presence of God and God's love is all around us - not distant
3. The church gives us the sacraments as a way to experience God's grace in different aspects of our lives. - 27What is a fundamental Christian attitude towards salvation (exclusive attitude)1. Only Christians can be saved.
2. Jesus said 'I am the way, the truth and the life. No one can come to the father except through me.' meaning Jesus is the only way to salvation.
3. Jesus said 'He who is baptised is saved and he who is not baptised is condemned' - 28What is a Catholic Christian attitude towards salvationCatholic Christians take an inclusive approach to salvation
All people can be saved - it is by our actions we are judged - (final judgement - whatever you did to the least of my bros and sis you did for me)
People recognise Jesus by their actions
Karl Rahner - the 'anonymous Christian'
'In my father's house there are many rooms!' - 29What is a Liberal Christian attitude to salvationLiberal Christians take a pluralistic approach
All are saved and Jesus is just one route to the ultimate God
Other religions are equally valid and teach good things
Our actions determine salvation not our religious ideology
John Hick argues for this approach - 30WHAT IS EVANGELISATIONEvangelisation is to spread the good news
Christianity is a proselytizing religion - it seeks converts - 31WHAT IS A FUNDAMENTAL CHRISTAIN ATTITUDE TOWARDS EVANGELIZATION1. Evangelisation is a Christian duty 'Go make disciples of all nations and baptise them in the name of the Fr/Son/Spirit
2. Take Bible literally so this is a direct instruction
3. Essential - because only Christians can be saved so must evangelise to save people - 32What is a Catholic attitude towards evangelisation1. Catholics haev an inclusive view of salvation
2.Evangelisation is important because Jesus said 'Go make disciples...'
3. However, its more about spreading the love of God rather than insisting people are Christian - although ideally they will want to be by our example.
4. We have a duty to share the Gospel '
5. Pope Francis said in evangelii Gaudium ' The Gospel is not simply a me and God experience' meaning its not something private and should be shared.
6. Part of evangelisation is helping the poor and vulnerable - 33What do Catholics believe about the real presence?1. Jesus is really present in the Eucharist
2. During the consecration the bread and wine change substance 'TRANSUBSTANTIATION'
3. The bread and wine become the 'body. blood, soul and divinity' of Jesus (CCC)
4. At Mass, at communion Catholics receive Jesus fully, in this very unique way - both a physical and spiritual encounter. - 34How is it possible for there to be a hell if God is omnibenevolent1. God is all loving
2. Therefore, his loving nature means that he will allow us to choose or reject him
3. If a person, in full knowledge, rejects God's goodness, they freely choose hell for themselves
4. It is the person who sends themselves to hell.
5. Only God can know if a person does this as he is omniscient so he can judge fairly