Flashcards
Subtypes of Developmental Dyslexia & Universality?
Cards in this deck (12)
- 1core phonological processing deficit theory - but individual variation in ability to store & retrieve different types of written & spoken info across dyslexics .. so .. not homogeneous disorder!different subtypes proposed depending on cog difficulties
- 2double deficit hypothesis - wolf & bowers, 1999neuropsychological subtypes
- 3core phonological processing deficit - difficulty in processing small units of sound - snowling, 1995 - inhibits development of letter-sound mappings that are required for reading novel words- fawcett & nicholson, 1994 - "dyslexic children have an impairment in the ability to detect & process speech sounds"
x
- castles & coltheart, 2004 - argue that corr. has been taken to imply causality - could be that poor phonological awareness is a result of poor reading ability - 4double-deficit hypothesis - wolf & bowers, 1999 - dyslexic symptoms include not only a deficit in phonological processing (accuracy) but also a deficit in central processing speed (fluency)- fawcett & nicholson, 2007 - possibly implicates the cerebellum
- assessed using:
-tasks of phonological awareness accuracy (phoneme deletion/blending)
-rapid automised naming (RAN) task - 5+ for d-d hypoth - sirling & miles, 1988 - dyslexics tend to speak slower than non-dyslexics - felton, 1990 - rapid naming is a persistent problem for many dyslexics+ ... & predicts an additive effect on reading:
- ho, 2002 - double deficit in phonological awareness & naming speed should result in worse performance than a single deficit - 6developmental phonological dyslexia - temple & marshall, 1983 - 17y/o f - HM - avrg. verbal intelligence - unexpectedly low reading age of 10y11m - v. poor at reading nonwords - good at reading aloud words - sublexical route poorly developed - snowling & hulme, 1989 - often associated with underlying deficit in phonological awarenessdevelopmental surface dyslexia - coltheart, 1983
- 17y/o f - CD
- reading age of 11yrs
- good regular & poor irregular word reading
- good nonword reading for 3 letter strings
- particular difficulties reading via the lexical route
- possibly due to deficits to naming & visual mem. - 7discrete subtypes vs continuum - castles & coltheart, 1993 - discrete - ellis, 1996 - continuum- serniclaes, 2003 - reading dvlpmnt delayed in surfact dyslexia, but disordered in phonological dyslexia
- zadina, 2006 - only phonological dyslexics appear to have atypical patterns of brain asymmetry compared to controls -> implications for diagnosis and interventions - 8developmental deep dyslexia - start & howard, 1995 - 13y/o f - KJ - below avrg intelligence - reading age of 6y2m - semantic/vis/morphological errors - underlying semantic deficitdevel deep dyslexia: right hemisphere hypothesis - coltheart, 1980
- damage to LH
- symptoms reflect characteristics of RH processes
- recruited to compensate for widespread damage to LH processes involves in normal reading
- coltheart, 2000 - fMRI - RH hyperactivation when compared with controls - 9RH hypoth - pitchford & morgan, 2007 - 29y/o f - JPJ - history of difficulties with learning to read - good receptive & expressive vocab - poor auditory-verbal mem & poor nonword repetition & reading - fMRI - RH hyperactivation during imageable word & nonword reading - indicates strategic use of RH mem. systems in order to compensate for the lack of phonological processing...
- 10dual route theory - forster & chambers, 1973; baron, 1977- pronunciation of letter strings involves 2 routes/mechanisms
1. lexical - exception words
2. sub-lexical - regular words & nonwords
-surface dyslexia - route 1 problems - coltheart, 1987 - 11grain size theory - ziegler & goswami, 2006- main task for children is to find shared grain sizes in the orthography & phonology of their language
- "key difficulty for readers who have dyslexia is in the establishment of efficient processing at small grain size" - 12- paulesu, 2001 - dyslexia has universal basis in the brain - siok, 2004 - impaired chinese readers showed reduced activation of large neural circuits - so.. maybe phonological deficits aren't universal cause of dyslexia at a biological levelprocessing of 1st & 2nd lang occur in similar brain regions - stowe, 2006
bilingualism - wydell & butterworth, 1999
- case study - 16y/o AS - english/japanese bl
- dyslexic only in english
- japanese reading similar to undergrad students
x - but.. didn't measure non-word reading in Japanese
also .. - 2/3 of sample who were poor readers in chinese were not the poorest readers in english
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- Bachelors Degree Developmental Dyslexia Flashcards on Subtypes of Developmental Dyslexia & Universality?, created by Megan Lawson on 04/04/2016.
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