Flashcards
Flashcards unit 8.5 & 8.6 XC
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1What was one important development associated with the Industrial Revolution?The rise of a middle class was one important development.
- 2What is a middle class?A middle class is a group between the titled upper classes and mega-rich, and the lower classes who were desperately poor.
- 3What did this middle class include?This middle class included shopkeepers, craftspeople, doctors, clerks and lawyers.
- 4What did the middle class have in common?What they had in common was marketable skills that won them a higher income than the lowest workers.
- 5How did the rise of the middle class in Britain affect the character of the nation?The middle class had to work for a living, so they contributed new ideas to the debates on the issues of the time.
- 6What did the enclosure of common lands do?The enclosure of common lands drove families off their farms and into the cities, not only created workers but also a number of people driven to crime by desperation.
- 7WClippers were sailing ships, sometimes with iron hulls, that dominated the carrying of cargo and passengers between Australia and the rest of the world for most of the 19th century.
- 8What were some reasons that led to increased trade between Australia and the rest of the world?Vessels belonging to many different companies and nations began trading through Australian ports, among them whaling ships from the United States.
- 9What did the first Opium War force China to do?The first Opium War forced Chinese to open up some of their ports to Western trade.
- 10How did the Industrial Revolution bring significant changes to Britain's economy and societyWith the development of machines and steam power, goods were produced more quickly and cheaply in factories
- 11What happened between 1760 and 1815?Londons population is estimated to have grown from 175 000 people to 1.4 million, making London the largest city in the world at that time.
- 12What were the conditions of houses?Due to the fast construction and limited government regulation concerning building requirements, houses were built very close together and poorly constructed.
- 13What did these developed areas become and why?These developed areas became slums due to overcrowding, disease, excessive consumption of alcohol and malnutrition.
- 14How did most people live in the medieval period?During the medieval period, most people lived in a village under the jurisdiction of the nobility who owned their land and made every decision.
- 15Why did crime increase during this period?With limited accountability and desperate living conditions, crime became a means of survival, resulting in overcrowded prisons.
- 16What were major crimes?The major crime was against property: theft, burglary and highway robbery.
- 17Why was keeping prisoners in hulks a bad idea?The prison hulks were decrepit, and sickness and death were rife.
- 18Why was Australia chosen to establish a penal colony in?The county was chosen as the new penal colony because of its distance from Britain and the opportunities it provided to secure flax and timber, and trade routes with China.
- 19How many convicts were sent to Australia?Between 1788 and 1868, approximately 160 000 people were sent as convicts to Australia.
- 20What was a benefit of the Industrial Revolution?A benefit of the Industrial Revolution was improvements in transportation, with the building of better roads, new railways and faster ships.
- 21Why did emigration increase?Emigration increased as a result of the discovery of gold, sparking a wider movement of people from many different countries.
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