Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering notes
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This GoConqr page gathers over 40 community-made notes on biotechnology and genetic engineering, from PCR and DNA fragments to cloning and GM crops. They support school and university students studying these topics, and teachers looking for ready-made material. Pick a note to start exploring.
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- History and Development of Biotechnology5
- Recombinant DNA and Gene Cloning92
- PCR and Gel Electrophoresis38
- DNA Sequencing and Profiling45
- Cloning Plants and Animals102
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering22
- Genetically Modified Organisms79
- Microorganisms in Biotechnology21
- Medical Applications of Genetic Engineering13
- Ethics and Safety in Biotechnology10
Notes
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Gene Technology Techniques used to study genes: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - produces lots of identical copies of a specific gene. In vivo cloning - also produces lots of identical copies of a specific gene. DNA probes - used to...
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PCR and Electrophoresis PCR Why replicate DNA sections? Insulin Favourable DNA Forensics for analysis PCR = Polymerase chain reaction PCR A technique that amplifies DNA allowing you to increase the amount of DNA from a small sample. It's imp...
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Using Recombinant DNA Technology Transformed Organisms are made using Recombinant DNA Technology Microorgansims, plants and animals can all be transformed using recombinant DNA technology. This is called genetic engineering. Transformed microorganism...
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Manipulating genomes key processes Method of DNA profiling: EXTRACTION = DNA is extracted from the cells of the sample DIGESTION = restriction endonucleases cut at specific sites within the INTRON of the DNA, resulting in multiple DNA fragments, of var...
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Amplifying DNA Fragments In Vivo Amplification Involves Transforming Host Cells Once you've isolated your DNA fragment (using one of the techniques explained in Genome Projects and Making DNA Fragments), you need to amplify it (make lots of c...
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Untitled Cloning: Should The United States Allow Federal Funding for Cloning Experiments? Introduction SUPPORTERS ARGUE Cloning has countless possible benefits; for example, the process known as therapeutic cloning coul...
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Dougies lectures Therapeutic cloningDifferentiated Cells specialized or differentiated cells have particular roles in the body eg, blood/nerve/muscle cells cant divide to make a copy of themself stem cells replace specialized cells th...
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bio DNA TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION DNA carries all of the genetic information for life. One enormously long DNA molecule forms...
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Chapter 21: Manipulating genomes 21.1 DNA profiling and electrophoresis Human genomes A genome contains all of the alleles in an organism. The Human Genome Project was an international research effort to determine the sequence of th...
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Gene Technology Gene Cloning and TransferThe process of making a protein using the DNA technology of gene transfer and cloning involves a number of stages: Isolation of the DNA fragments that have the gene for the desired protein Ins...
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Unit 5: Section 4 3.5.8 Gene cloning technologies allow study and alteration of gene function in order to better understand organism function and to design new industrial and medical processes. Gene cloning and transfer Fragments of DN...
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ch 15 and 16 15.1 Explain how a typical restriction enzyme cuts DNA molecules and give examples of the ways in which these enzymes are used in recombinant DNA technology. Recombinant DNA technology isolates and amplifies...
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Genetic Engineering Key Words Recombinant DNA- the genetic material from 2 species that has been combined Transgenic Organism- an organism with DNA from another species introduced Donor DNA- the DNA that is introduced Host- the organism ...
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Biotechnology The main application of in vitro genetic manipulation is that it has: Extended the range of products that may be produced by microorganisms Provided new methods for increasing the yields of existing products Plasmids:...
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chapter 13: gene technology DNA technology DNA identification can be needed for multiple reasons like finding a person's paternity, identifying remains,tracing human origins, and providing evidence for crime scenes. noncoding DNA- re...
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Gene Probes and Medical Diagnosis You can Look for Alleles Using DNA Probes and Hybridisation DNA probes can be used to locate specific alleles of genes (e.g. on chromosomes) or to see if a person's DNA contains a mutated allele that causes a genetic ...
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XII/BIOLOGY ASSIGNEMENT/ No. 12 1. Enumerate the fields of application of biotechnology. 2. Mention the three critical research areas of biotechnology. 3. What are the three opt...
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XII/BIOLOGY ASSIGNEMENT/ No. 12_1 1. Enumerate the fields of application of biotechnology. 2. Mention the three critical research areas of biotechnology. 3. What are the three opt...
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3.5 - Genetic modification and biotechnology Gel electrophoresis involves the separating of charged molecules in an electric field, according to their size and charge samples are placed in wells cast in a gel the gel is immersed in a conducting fluid and an elec...
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manipulating genomes pyrosequencing A long length of DNA to be sequenced is mechanically cut These lengths are then degraded into single strands of DNA and immobilised A sequencing primer is added and the DNA is i...
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DNA Fragments ...
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Biotechnology Definition: any use or alteration of organisms, cells or biological molecules to achieve specific goals genetic material is modern and works to improve upon nature organisms that have been changed have changed their g...
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Gene Technology and Ethics Genetic Modification Genetic modification of microorganisms Microorganisms can be used to produce substances useful to humans. E.g. vaccines, insulin and human growth hormone. Techniques mean that these substances can...
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AP Biology 11: CLONING What is cloning?Clones are organisms that are exact genetic copies.Artificial Clones:1. ARTIFICIAL EMBRYO TWINNING- A very early embryo is separated into individual cells- These then divide and develop for a short per...
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Biotechnology Ancient Biotechnology Practices from thousands of years ago Humans got their food through hunting and gathering → Started raising own animals and growing their own crops Agriculture 10000 years ago farming began in th...
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Genetic Engineering Successes Papaya's They are useful crops but they are susceptible to disease. They are a good food source as they are high in vitamin A, C and K, complex B vitamins, potassium, calcium, iron and dietary fibre. They are a bright...
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Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering "Just because we can, does it mean we should?" The principles of genetic engineering Useful genes isolated from one organism and instead into another organism creating recombinant DNA. 4 Stages: 1....
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Biology A2 Clones Clones 1. Natural cloning is observed in asexual reproduction (mitosis in eukaryotes and binary fission in prokaryotes) where the offspring is genetically identical to the parent and the only genetic differences ...
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DNA Sequencing Fred Sanger He developed a method for scientists to sequence whole genomes. The first thing he sequenced was a bacteriophage. He published sequence of the human mitochondrial genome. The genome of the haemo...
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Cloning Dolly the sheep -Obtain an udder cell from one parent sheep (donor). -Another parent sheep is the egg cell donor sheep, the nucleus of the ovum is removed (the ovum is now enucleated) and replaced with the udder ...
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Genetic Engineering In Action Golden Rice LO: Principle of genetic engineering and the techniques. Key words: Golden rice, transgenic plant and vector. It is genetically engineered with chemical beta-carotene inserted into the plant. It is a...
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Cloning and Biotechnology Reproductive cloning is the production of a new indivdual with the genotype of an existing one.Non-reproductive cloning supplies replacement cells whose genotype matches that of an existing one Plant vegetative propag...
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GM Crops GM crops are crops that have had their DNA altered to give it new characteristics e.g. being able to withstand drought. In 2015 GM crops were being grown in 28 countries on 179.7 million hectares - over 10% of the wor...
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Stem cells + cloning Put genes into plasmid, and back into bacteria = DNA cloning Therapeutic cloning = harvest of stem cells from cloned embryos that can be used to study human development and to potentially treat disease Ethical p...
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topic 8 Biology - created from Mind Map Genetic fingerprinting Recombinant DNA technology Gene expression
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Therapeutic Cloning In therapeutic cloning, the desired end is not an individual organism, but various types of mature cells. Therapeutic cloning is used to learn more about how cell specialization occurs and to provide cells and tissues...
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Golden Rice Golden rice is a genetically modified rice that has been modified to contain beta-carotene, a source of vitamin A. A single bowl of rice can supply 60% of a child's daily requirement of vitamin A. Vitamin A deficiency...
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Human Insulin Production Restriction Enzymes and Ligase Restriction enzymes cut through DNA strands so that a section of DNA can be taken from a cellLigase enzymes can be used to join together sections of DNA cut by the same restriction enzym...
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restriction enzymes recognize specific DNA base sequences and cut the DNA at the recognition sequence in a consistent way (restriction sites) cut DNA pieces: restriction fragments sticky ends, bunt ends
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B3 2 B3 2 Animal cloningPeople may want to clone a plant deliberately. Cloning of plants has many important commercial implications. It allows a successful variety of a plant to be produced commercially and cheaply on a ma...
More Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering resources
About biotechnology and genetic engineering notes
GoConqr OriginalBiotechnology and genetic engineering notes
These notes cover techniques and applications across the unit. PCR and Electrophoresis introduces DNA amplification, while Amplifying DNA Fragments looks at amplification in host cells. Using Recombinant DNA Technology discusses transformed organisms. Other notes include Human Insulin Production, GM Crops and Gene Technology and Ethics.
Study with notes
Start with PCR and Electrophoresis if you want to focus on copying DNA. Read the explanation, then write the steps in your own words. Use Amplifying DNA Fragments to look at another approach, and compare the notes as you study.
For cloning, try Cloning and Biotechnology, which introduces reproductive and non-reproductive cloning. After reading a note, use a mind map on the unit page to organize the ideas visually, or switch to a quiz to check what you remember. Choose a note that matches the topic you are studying.
Frequently asked questions
Which note is a useful place to start with DNA techniques?
PCR and Electrophoresis is a useful starting point if you are studying DNA amplification. It explains PCR and why DNA sections may be replicated. You can then read Amplifying DNA Fragments to look at amplification in host cells and compare the approaches described.
What topics do these notes cover?
The notes cover gene technology, DNA fragments, cloning and recombinant DNA technology. They also include resources on human insulin production, GM crops, DNA sequencing and ethics. School and university students can choose a note that matches the topic they are studying.
Are the notes free to use?
Yes. Every note listed here is free to open and study without an account. The resources were made by GoConqr users, rather than by GoConqr. A free account also lets you make your own notes, quizzes, mind maps and flashcards, and save your quiz scores.