Coastal Processes and Landforms notes
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This GoConqr page gathers community-made notes on coastal processes and landforms, from waves and beaches to management and case studies. They support school students revising coastal geography and teachers looking for ready-made material. There are more than 50 notes, mostly for school-level study. Choose a set of notes to begin.
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- Coastal Systems and Sediment Cells49
- Waves and Tides80
- Coastal Weathering and Mass Movement31
- Coastal Erosion220
- Coastal Transportation and Deposition26
- Coastal Erosional Landforms53
- Coastal Depositional Landforms53
- Sand Dunes and Coral Reefs12
- Sea Level Change and Coastal Flooding29
- Coastal Management164
- Holderness Coast Case Study50
- Coastal Case Studies26
Notes
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Coastal Processes and their Impacts Coastal Erosion: There are four types of erosion that take place at coastal regions:Abrasion - the force of sand and pebbles being thrown by the sea scraping away at rockAttrition - the wearing away of rocks in the se...
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Beach Formation & Classification Scheme by Short & Wright 1983 Dissipative High wave energy - good supply of nutrients and oxygen Flatter profile Finer sand (0.2mm) - according to Wentworth scale Stable, more diverse Could have greater tidal ra...
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Local Scale Coastal Management Hard Engineering and Soft Engineering Techniques of hard and soft engineering search for a solution to the problems of erosion and removal of sediment at the coastline. Hard engineering is when large artificial...
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Coast case studies
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Long shore drift Notes Long shore Drift Waves can approach the beach at an angle because of the prevailing wind. The swash of the waves carries material up the beach at an angle and the backwash takes back down into the sea at 90°. Thi...
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Geography - The Coastal Zone - Delicate Coastal Ecosystem - Keyhaven Saltmarsh CASE STUDY Keyhaven Marsh CASE STUDY Background Salt marshes are areas of periodically flooded low lying coastal wetland Keyhaven saltmarsh is formed in the lee of the Hurst Castle Spit in Hampshire on the south coast of England...
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Coastal Processes The depth of water around a coast varies and as a wave approaches a coast its progress is modified due to friction from the seabed, halting the motion of waves.As waves approach a coast they are refracted so tha...
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Coasts Notes Marine Processes These include: Waves and currents Geology Sea Level Changes Human Activity and the Increased Use of Coastal Engineering WaveThere are 2 main different types of wave. These are constructive and destruc...
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Coastal Depositional Landforms: Beaches Beaches Beaches are mainly constructed of sand and shingle.Ridges and Runnels form when the sand becomes compact when its wet and the backwash carries material down the beach. Ridges and Runnels run parallel to the sh...
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Coastal landforms & Longshore Drift CAVES: Abrasion and hydraulic action widen a joint or fault that is already present in the headland, creating a cave.Waves make the cave larger and larger until an arch is formed.As the arch becomes bigger and bigger,...
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Conflicts of coastal development - Dibden Bay Dibden Bay:In 2000 it was realised that the UKs container capacity needed expanding to avoid loss of business to other European portsAssociated British Ports (ABP) had no room for expansion on the Test side of the est...
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Sand Dunes: Ynyslas, Wales Reducing dune erosion at Ynsylas: Dunes are fenced, this allows more sand to pile up on the dunes, the fence being used as an obstacle. Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) is planted, this holds the dunes together. Peop...
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The Coastal Zone Features and Processes:Types of Erosion:Corrosion: Fragments of rock picked up and thrown at the cliffs acting as an erosive tool.Attrition: Material carried by the waves, bump into each other and so are smoothed and ...
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Coastal System Revision Coasts as a natural system Part 1. Controls. System of a coast. Definition of a coast: The coast is a narrow contact zone between the land and sea. It is constantly changing due to the effects of land, sea and air pro...
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Coastal Landscapes WAVE TYPES AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS How do waves form? Waves are formed by the wind blowing over the sea Waves are formed from energy transfer by the wind Friction with the surface of the water causes ripples to...
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Untitled Describe the conclusions you drew from your geographical investigation. To what extent did they support the geographical ideas, theories, and concepts being investigated? East Head Describe the conclusions you drew fr...
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Coasts COASTS:How waves form:Waves are formed by friction with the surface of the water causes ripples to form and these develop into waves. The stretch of open water over which the wind blows is called the fetch. The longer...
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Coastal Landscape Notes Cliffs One of the most common features of a coastline is a cliff. Cliffs are shaped as a result of erosion and weathering.Steep cliffs are formed where the land consists of hard, more resistant rock - such as chalk. T...
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Coastal Landscapes How are waves formed? - They're formed when the wind blows over the sea. This causes friction on the surface of the water and causes ripples to form. These develop into waves. -They can also be formed when earth...
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Coastal Erosion and Deposition High Erosion Rate Long Fetch Coast Faces Prevailing Winds High Wind Speed Soft unresistant Rock Many faults and Cracks Winter Narrow Beach Little Beach Engineering ( Few Sea Walls, Groynes, Rock Armour etc.) Low Erosi...
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Coasts Notes Specification key questions: an overview of topicsWhy are coastal areas a valuable economic and environmental resource?How have physical processes created the coastal landforms that exist today? Why are decisions made...
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Untitled MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL LINE IN HAPPISBURGH Happisburgh, on Norfolk's North Sea coast, is a village with a population of 1400 people in about 600 houses. Although now a coastal village, Happisburgh was once some d...
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Landforms Erosional landforms Bays Formed when destructive waves erode areas of soft rock rapidly, through processes such as hydraulic action, abrasion, and solution. They have a wide, open, semi-circular shape that extends int...
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The Coastal Zone: The Sea at Work 2 Physical Geography - Section B - The Coastal ZoneThe Sea at Work (continued) Weathering: is the breakdown of rock where it is: Mechanical: the breakdown of rock without changing its chemical composition (freeze thaw w...
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Southampton Water Southampton Water: An estuary where the rivers Test and Itchen meet - an example of a ria One of the countries leading ports, dealing with containers and cruise ships UKs second busiest container port Huge advantages ...
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Holderness Coast Yorkshire The Holderness coast lies next to the North Sea, stretching between the Flamborough Head in the North and Spurn Head in the South. It is the fastest eroding coastline in Europe. Most of the coastline consists of cliff...
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Spits SpitsA linear beach that extends from the shore across a river estuary or along the coast - but doesn't join on to any other feature. It is recurved at its end depending on which is the most powerful current.&nb...
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Untitled Coats RevisionThe Coastal SystemCoastal system is one of inputs and outputs:1) The cliff system comprising of sub aerial processes of Weathering and Wind erosionThroughputs comprising of cliff Mass movements of falls,...
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Untitled Key points Waves are made by wind blowing over the surface of the sea. The power of waves is one of the most significant forces of coastal change. The size and energy of a wave is influenced by the wind's strength, ho...
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Mass Movement When weathering breaks up rocks the loose material is called regolith.Regolith moving down a slope is known as mass movement Types of mass movement Soil creep The slowest type of mass movement (as little as 1 mm...
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Coastal Depositional Landforms: Beaches Beaches Beaches are mainly constructed of sand and shingle that is built up between low tide and high tide The coastline is constantly changing due to the action of waves as they erode, transport and deposit material ...
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Marine processes and waves. Waves influence the erosion, deposition and transportation and the shape of the coastlines. waves are caused Impacts of sea level rise, sea level rise is down to global warming. current rate is 2mm per year. IPP...
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Evaluate the contribution that changes in sea levels make to the formation of coastal landscapes Submergence of the coast results from a rise in sea level. This can cause flooding in valleys. Subsequently, this will change the shape and form of coastlines and inevitably the landforms. Emergence of th...
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COAST CASE STUDIES Developing awareness of the exponential population growth In accessible and popular coastal areas. Australia: most urbanized country in the world- 90% of the population live in urban settlements - located along the co...
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Mass movement Rock fall: Bare, well-jointed rocks re prone to freeze-thaw weathering, which results in the rocks losing contact with the cliff face and falling to the bottom of the cliff. The fallen rocks collect at the bottom as a...
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The Coastal Zone: Distinctive Landforms 1 Physical Geography - Section B - The Coastal ZoneDistinctive Landforms Rates of erosion are affected by: Weathering: Sub aerial attack on cliffs. Speeds up erosion Human activity above cliffs Wave energy: Greater when...
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Coastal management - soft engineering Beach replenishment/nourishment - adding sand and sediment to the beach from the sea floor-Creates wider beaches-Protects from erosion and flooding-Looks natural-Taking material can kill organisms-It is very expensive...
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Coasts Case Study CASE STUDY: GRAND CAYMAN"Describe the ways in which coastal areas can provide opportunities for the people who live there." [7]In Grand Cayman, many opportunities have been provided for the local people. Ports such as...
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Psammoseres Psammoseres (sand dunes): A sere is a stage or sequence of events Psammo means that we are talking about a sequence of events on sand Wind moves them Act as a natural coastal defence Made up of coarse sediments Transp...
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Low and High Energy Coasts What is a LOW ENERGY coast? low amounts of energy acting upon them low wave energy weak waves depostition is higher than erosion spits and beaches e.g. esturies What is a HIGH ENERGY coast? high amounts of energy lots...
More Coastal Processes and Landforms resources
About coastal processes and landforms notes
GoConqr OriginalUsing coastal processes and landforms notes
Start with Coastal Processes if you want to review waves and tides. For a closer look at how material moves along a beach, read the notes on longshore drift. Then use Coastal Depositional Landforms: Beaches to explore beaches, ridges and runnels.
For landforms shaped by erosion, the notes on coastal landforms and longshore drift describe how caves and arches form. Spits offers another topic to explore in the collection.
From notes to revision
After reading a set of notes, write down the main processes in your own words and link them to a landform. Move on to Local Scale Coastal Management for hard and soft engineering, or Coast case studies for examples including Holderness and Mauritius.
When you want to check what you remember, switch to a quiz on the unit page. If you want a visual overview instead, try a mind map there. Pick a topic and start reading.
Frequently asked questions
Which notes should I start with?
Start with Coastal Processes for waves and tides, or choose Coastal Depositional Landforms: Beaches if you are focusing on beaches. The notes on longshore drift are useful for following how material moves along a beach. You can then move on to a case study or management topic.
Are the notes free to use?
Yes. Every resource listed here is free to open and study without an account. The notes were made by GoConqr users, rather than by GoConqr. A free account also lets you save quiz scores and make your own quizzes, mind maps, flashcards and notes.
Which levels do these notes suit?
The collection is mostly suited to school-level study. Resources on the page mention GCSE Geography and A-level Geography, including named exam boards. Teachers can also use the notes as ready-made material. Check an individual resource against the topic and course you are studying or teaching.