Hard Determinism

Start with the central ideas

Begin with the mind map that sets out a definition of hard determinism, hard determinist thinkers and the theory of universal causation. It presents the idea that causes lead to effects and asks whether free will is an illusion. Use its branches to organize the main terms before moving on to examples.

Another mind map, titled Hard Determinism, describes choices as determined by other events, factors or actions. Compare that wording with the first map and write a short explanation of how the two presentations connect causes and choices.

Move from maps to examples

The map titled Determinism, freewill and libertarianism introduces the claim that human actions are causally determined and raises the question of moral responsibility. Another Hard Determinism map presents social forces outside our control as shaping what people do. Look at each map’s branches to see how it presents its claims.

For a case-based route, explore the map that mentions Clarence Darrow and the Leopold and Loeb case. The notes on Hard Determinism also introduce that case. The flashcards ask about hard determinism, case studies and Darrow’s conclusion, so they offer a way to practice recalling what you have studied.

Check your understanding

After reading a map, try the hard determinist quiz and use its statements about determinism and acting freely to check how carefully you understand the distinction. Return to the maps as needed, then explain the ideas in your own words. You can also compare the map that groups scholars, science, case studies and psychology with the others to see how its material is organized.

Hard Determinism is a section of Free Will and Determinism in Philosophy. The resources here give you material on causes, choices and freedom to use as you study that unit. Choose a resource and make a set of notes or flashcards to bring the ideas together.