Immune System and Immunity notes
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- Pathogens and Infectious Diseases29
- Lines of Defence Against Pathogens148
- Immune System Cells and Organs69
- Types of Immunity63
- Innate Immunity and Inflammation48
- Phagocytosis19
- Adaptive Immune Response36
- Cell-Mediated Immunity13
- Humoral Immunity10
- Antigens and Antibodies30
- Monoclonal Antibodies and ELISA32
- Vaccination and Immunisation109
- HIV and AIDS9
Notes
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Immunity Introduction. we are vaccinated against deadly/terminal diseases. Examples of diseases: Viruses Pathogens Bacteria eg vibrio cholerea
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Immunity and Vaccines Vaccines can Protect Individuals and Populations Against Disease While your B-cells are busy dividing to build up their numbers to deal with a pathogen (i.e. the primary response), you suffer from the disease. Vaccina...
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B-Lymphocytes Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies. Antibodies are soluble in blood and tissue fluid. B-cells produce a specific antibody that responds to one specific antigen.When an antigen enters blood or tissu...
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Bio Exam review So you have a second shot at your Biology outcomes. Great! This means that you can show how much better and deeper you understand the material from when you were last assessed in December. I appreciate that thi...
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The Human Immune Response Humans have two aspects in their immune system: • Innate immune system and acquired immune system • The innate system makes up the first two lines of defence and the third line of defence is the acquired system 1. Inn...
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Effects of smoking_1 Vaccination A person who has been vaccinated has been given artificial immunity. A vaccination is the deliberate exposure to antigenic material to provoke a response from our immune system it can be a dead or inactive...
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Health and nutrition Vaccination A person who has been vaccinated has been given artificial immunity. A vaccination is the deliberate exposure to antigenic material to provoke a response from our immune system it can be a dead or inactive...
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Defence Mechanisms Defence MechanismsNon-Specific: response is immediate and the same for all pathogens. Physical barrier, e.g. skin Phagocytosis Specific: response is slower and specific to each pathogen. Cell-mediated response (T-lymp...
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Monoclonal Antibodies - Uses and Immunity How are monoclonal antibodies produced? * Antibodies are produced by B-lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). * Monoclonal antibodies are produced from clones of a single white blood cell (This means all of ...
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HIV and Viruses HIV is the Virus that Causes AIDS HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that affects the immune system. It eventually leads to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a conditions where the immune ...
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The Immune System Foreign Antigens Trigger and Immune ResponseAntigens are molecules (usually proteins) that can generate an immune response when detected by the body. They are usually found on the surface of cells and are used by the ...
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Vaccination Immunity is the ability of an organism to resist infection. It takes two forms: passive and active immunity.Passive Immunity Involves directly injecting a person with antibodies. No contact with pathogen / antigens ne...
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immunity what is immunity? the overall ability of the host to be able to fight the disease-causing agent by the help of the immune system is called immunity. it is of two types innate and acquired immunity. innate immunity- it...
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Antibodies in Medicine Monoclonal Antibodies can be Used to Target Specific Substances or Cells Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies produced from a single group of genetically identical B-cells (plasma cells). This means they're all identi...
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Unit 3 Immunity Study Guide Define/ describe the following terms: Pathogen Histamine Antigen Macrophage T cell B cell Antibody Memory cell Identify and describe your body’s three lines of defense against disease. What role does the lymphatic sys...
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Health Unit 6 Test Prep White Blood Cells-Also known as leukocytes search out and destroy any organism or substance they do not recognize as part of the body Immunology- The study of the immune system Phagocytes- They kill pathogens en...
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Vaccination Two types of immunity- · Passive immunity is produced by the introduction of antibodies into individuals from an outside source. As the antibodies are not being produced...
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Immunology When a pathogen invades there are 2 types of responses: 1. Non-specific Response - Barrier Mechanisms: mucus and skin. - Other; phagocytosis, lysozymes, hydrochloric acid in stomach. 2. Specific Response - All mediate...
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Biology 1.6 Defence mechanismsnon-specificdo not distinguish between pathogens-barriers like skin-phagocytosisspecificunique response to each pathogen-cell-mediated response-humoral response Phagocytosis Chemical products of path...
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Untitled Vaccination A person who has been vaccinated has been given artificial immunity. A vaccination is the deliberate exposure to antigenic material to provoke a response from our immune system it can be a dead or inactive...
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IMMUNITY - created from Mind Map INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
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Untitled Immunologypathogen-microorganism that can cause diseasephagocytosis-phagocyte attracted to pathogen by chemicals, phagocyte engulfs pathogen, pathogen enters cytoplasm in a vesicle, vesicle fuses with lysosomes, lysos...
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Immunity Cell Mediated ...
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T-Lymphocytes Initial response of body to infection is non-specific (phagocytes).Immunity is the ability of an organism to resist infection by protecting against disease-causing organisms or their toxins that invade their body. Inv...
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The Immune System Primary Defences prevent pathogens and parasites from entering the body The Skin blocks pathogens from entering the body acts as a chemical barrier (produces antimicrobial bacteria) lowers pH preventing the growth of ...
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Inflammatory Response When an injury, such as a cut or graze, happens pathogens and other foreign material are able to enter the body. This triggers a non-specific inflammatory response.The inflammatory response helps destroy the pathogens...
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Immune Systems - created from Mind Map Innate Immune Defenses Adaptive Immune Defenses fully functional without previous exposure to these invaders
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The Human Defence System - created from Mind Map Pathogen The general defence system The specific defence system
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Monoclonal Antibodies - ELISA Test OverviewMonoclonal antibodies are used for: Producing antibodies outside of the body. Producing antibodies for single uses. Treating cancer. Drug screenings. Home pregnancy kits. Scientific research. Antibodies have: ...
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Biology AQA Immuonolgy Phagocystosis: 1 1. bacteria emits hormones which attracts phagocyte.2. phagosome is formed, and lysosomes emit lytic enzymes3.these enzymes breakdown and digest bacteria- destroying it
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Defense against disease Defense against disease test 1. Pathogens are best defined as2. Phagocytes are the 3. An example of non-infectious disease is4. A vaccine is an injection which 5. Antibiotics...6. Which antigens are found in the red b...
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Our three defences to fight diseases - created from Mind Map Non-specific defencesBarriersFirst line of defenceSkin destroys some pathogens; saliva in mouth kills most pathogens, hydrochloric acid in stomach kills others; salty tears kill most entering your eyes; mucus membrane...
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4. Often we recognise by the symptoms it causes. The immune response is not so obvious, until we recover identify defence barriers to prevent entry of pathogens in humans:1ST LINE OF DEFENCE (6) -SKIN: Description: the skin continuously grows by new cells being produced from below. Cells fit tightly together to fro...
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4.1.5 the foreign chemical markers on the surface of pathogens are called antigens. Antigens are how we identify a pathogen as foreign. Antigens are proteins or glycoproteins . Antigens are specific to the organism. O...
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Immune Response - created from Mind Map Innate Immunity (Immediate but not specific) Adaptive Immunity (5-7 days but specific) Physical and chemical barriers to entry
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The Immune Response THE ANTIGEN ON THE SURFACE OF A PATHOGEN IS IDENTIFIED AS FOREIGN, TRIGGERING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE 1. PHAGOCYTOSISPhagocytes engulf pathogens contained in phagocytic vesicle joins with lysomsome: pathogen br...
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Immunity Pathogens cause disease by damaging cells of the host and by producing toxins. Phagocytes destroy and prevent the spread of micro-organisms that enter the blood and other tissues. Antigens are proteins on the outer su...
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Primary & Secondary Immune Response Primary Immune Response: New antigens trigger the primary immune response. Only a few B-cells can make antibody needed to bind to new antigen in body. Takes several days for B-cells to be activated, cloned and form pl...
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Immunity notes biology B1 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa/keepinghealthy/defendingagainstinfectionrev4.s... Immunity Pathogens contain certain chemicals that are foreign to the body. These chemicals are called antigens. C...
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Immunology - Secondary response Cell Response Phagocyte engulfs pathogen, breaks it down and presents the antigens on the cell surface membrane T-helper cell with specific receptor molecule binds to presented antigen Once T helper cell binds to the ...
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About immune system and immunity notes
GoConqr OriginalUsing immune system and immunity notes
These notes let you follow written explanations of particular topics. The Immune System covers primary defenses, while Immunity and Vaccines discusses vaccination and the immune response. For a closer look at cells, B-Lymphocytes explains antibody production, and T-Lymphocytes focuses on another part of the response.
Start with The Immune System if you want to review defenses before moving into cell-specific notes. If vaccination is your current topic, Vaccination covers passive immunity, among other material.
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Which note is a good place to start?
The Immune System is a useful starting point if you want to review primary defenses before studying specific cells. For a more focused topic, B-Lymphocytes covers antibody production. Choose the note that matches what you are studying, then explain its main ideas without looking.
What topics do these notes cover?
The notes cover immune defenses, vaccination, antibodies and immune responses. You can also find resources on B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, phagocytosis and the inflammatory response. Some focus on a particular topic, while others, such as The Immune System, offer a place to begin with defenses.
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