Hypotheses and Variables

Start with aims and hypotheses

Begin with the notes on generating an aim and hypothesis. They describe an aim as giving research a clear focus and a hypothesis as a prediction about an experiment’s outcome. Then use the Aims, Hypothesis and Variables flashcards to practice questions about aims, directional and non-directional hypotheses, and variables.

For a visual overview, try the mind map on hypotheses. It describes a directional hypothesis as stating which condition or group will score higher, while a non-directional hypothesis predicts a difference without stating which will score higher.

Move on to variables

The research methods mind map introduces independent and dependent variables: what is changed in an experiment and what is measured. Use the Variables flashcards to go over those terms and explore extraneous and situational variables.

The Extraneous/Confounding Variables flashcards also cover terms such as social desirability, demand characteristics and experimenter effects. The Research project mind map connects variables with null and alternative hypotheses.

Use maps, flashcards and quizzes together

After looking at a mind map, cover its explanations and try to recall the key terms. Use flashcards to practice answering questions, then return to the map when you want to see how the ideas connect. The page also lists Psychology Research Methods Quiz if you want quiz practice alongside the maps.

Explore the unit

Hypotheses and Variables is one section of Research Methods and Ethics in Psychology. The resources on this page offer a way to work through that section, from aims and predictions to variables. Choose a map or flashcard deck to begin your study.