Krashen's Hypotheses

Start with acquisition and learning

Begin with the mind map on subconscious and conscious aspects of second language learning. It presents the creative construction and skill learning models, alongside the idea that learners develop cognitive structures such as rules or plans. Use its branches to identify the terms you want to explore further.

Next, look at the map on the acquisition-learning distinction. It describes language acquisition as a subconscious process and contrasts it with language learning. Comparing the maps can help you organize the terms they use.

Explore the hypotheses

The map on the theoretical model introduces the hypotheses and describes acquisition and learning as distinct ways adults develop competence in a second language. A map on Krashen’s monitor model also distinguishes conscious learning from unconscious learning and includes the role of attention to form and rules.

For a focused view, open The Affective Filter Hypothesis. Its branches introduce the second language acquisition process and variables related to success in learning another language. A broader map of Krashen’s theory also names the monitor, input, affective filter, natural order, and acquisition-learning hypotheses.

Use maps and questions together

There are no quizzes listed on this page, but you can turn a map into questions about its branches. With a free account, you can make your own quiz and save your scores. Return to the map to check the terms and connections you used in your answers.

Place the topic in its unit

Krashen's Hypotheses is a section of the Second Language Acquisition unit in Linguistics and philology. The maps on this page offer different ways to approach that section, from distinctions between learning processes to named hypotheses. Explore a map that matches the idea you want to study next.