Issues Relating to Poverty & Hunger, Poverty , Issues Arising Out of Design & Implementation of Policies Issues Related to Children & Elderly

* Child Nutrition - 

Facts - UNICEF - 38% children under age 5 are stunted, a menifestation of Chronic undernutrition.

World Food Program (WFP) with Min of Statics and Prog implementation National Food and Nutrition Security Analysis report - malnutrition is highest in india.

Report finding - 1) Only 1% decline in malnutrition and by 2022 1/3 children will be stunted inspite of high food yeild. whereas we have target to decrease it to 25% (cuurently around 37%).

2) Access to nutritious food not reached i.e 1811 kilocalories than norm of  2155 kilocalories per day due to population, inequality, food wastage and losses, and exports.

3) Undernutition + Malnutrition + Over Nutrition seen in last decade. especially women and children, suffering from micronutrient deficiency

4 ) UP (48%) and Bihar (46%) worst with 1/2 children stunted. Kerla and Goa best in india with 1/5 children stunted. Most vulnerables are in ST (43.6%), SC (42.5%) and uneducated mother (51%).

Key Suggestion - Agri Diversification, Storage capacity, Education, Effective scheme implementation and Awareness. It is very imp to acheive SDG goal 2 - end hunger and all forms of malnutrition and double agricultural productivity in the next 15 years.

* J&K first ever investor summit in September-Oct 2019 in Jammu n srinagar to get investment in the . Possiblity of at least 8 countries participation other than India in mostly tourism, handicraft n energy etc

* Labour Income Share and Distribution dataset - top 10% labour in india earns the 69% of labour income whereas bottom 10% earns 0.23%.
worldwide Poorer countries continues to have greater inequality in terms of income.
India's richest 10% own 80% of the wealth whereas 90% have 20% wealth and pay inequality continues to remain constant since 2004 however it has reduced worldwide by 13 years. As per ILO income inequality has rose 6 times in india.

* Child labor in Film industry – Child labor (Prohibition and regulation) amendment rules 2017 – No child should work more than 5 hours/day or 3 hours without rest. They cannot be away from school for more than 27 days and 20% of their income should be fixed deposit.

Producer also has to sign an undertaking by mentioning safety etc. to district magistrate and there should 1 person handling not more than 5 children taking care of them

* POCSO - around 1.5 lacs pocso cases are pending (40k in UP highest) in the country.supreme court in recent judgement ordered all state to open special court for hearing pocso cases. It also said that national commission for protection of child right have no idea about the pocso cases pending in the country.it is coz NCPCR ( established under NCPCR act 2005) still uses old method of collecting the data, no district wise data n no online tool.

* Educating the Girl Child: Role of Incentivisation and other enablers and disablers’, done by CRY (Child Rights and You - a Non-Government Organization) - reasons why girls are appearing for higher education.

1. Early marriage, elopement and affairs, lack of awareness abt govt initiative such as beti bachao beti padhao, menstruation,poor roads and transportation, hygiene issues at school, household chores n money issues, no female teacher at college

* Govt initiative - min of social justice and empowerment is nodle min for Matters related to elderly.

1. Integrated Program for senior citizen - Centrally scheme to provide quality life to elderly by providing shelter, food, entertainment etc.

2. PM Vaya Vandana yojna - Came in 2017 and give assured 8% interest on deposit for 10 years.

3. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens (MWPSC) Act, 2007 - need based maintenance of parents, senior citizen and their welfare.

* According to UNICEF, in India (2018)
Under 5 Mortality Rate is 39 deaths per 1000 live births.

• Infant Mortality Rate (under one year of age) is 32 deaths per 1000 live births.
• Neonatal Mortality Rate (during the first 28 days of life) is 24 deaths per 1000 live births.

Save the Children and UNICEF have marked that, in 2017, the highest risk factors for child pneumonia death in India were:

• 53% caused by child wasting,
• 27% by outdoor air pollution, and
• 22% caused by indoor air pollution from solid fuels