Issues related to Women & Children & Disability & SC/ST, Poverty, Gender, Indian Society |

* Women's are more prone to Osteoporosis (porous bones)³ when exposed to Triclosen (antibacterial chemical used in soaps ,body wash n toothpaste). Triclosen is used in toothpaste as it prevents gingivitis (gum swelling n reddiss gum etc)

Triclosen contribute bacteria resistant to antibiotics and endocrine disruptor.

Why women's are more prone to Triclosen ,osteoporousis - small n thin bone n estrogen,a harmone that protects bone in women decreases sharply when women reaches menopause

* Progress of world women report by UN stated that more than half the married women btwn 25 to 54 dint participate in labour force. Has cited data from ILO.

Finding of report -

Global performance -central n South Asia only 29.1% than more high in other continents.

Gender division - women expected to do domestic work n men bread winner thinking.

Developing countries - despite increase in growth in India n china women participation is lower whereas in low income countries is higher than developing.

Suggestion - public infrastructure, policy implementation which include money n time help to parents n even disable care family member, greater public investment.

* Fortis hospital survey, around 82% of students studying psychology in classes XI and XII in at least 200 schools across major cities in India, have said that social media has influenced their opinions and attitudes.

* Women farmers - % of women farmers in india is increasing (As per Economic survey, it is due to Male migration to urban area for earning). it was 13% in 2010-2011 to 14% in 2015-2016.Agriculture sector employs 80% of all economically active women; they comprise 33% of the agricultural labour force and 48% of self employed farmers and about 18% of agriculture family in india is headed by Women. Agriculture contribute 16% to GDP and becoming women activity.

Challenges - Lack of Access to credit, land title, inability to use farm machinary and Double work.
Govt Initiative - PM Mahila shashktikaran pariyojana (under Min of Rural dev is sub scheme under DAY-NRLM). It is to empower women and 60% (90% for NE region) fund support to women farmers. It is in line with national policy for farmers 2007.
Atleast 30% of fund allocation to women in ongoing schemes and Programs. Encouraging SHG's.
Way Ahead - Land Title, Incentives to manufaturer for manufacturing machine which is specifically for women. 
Collateral free credit under 'microfinance initiative' of NABARD. Krishi Vigyan kendra in every district to help and Train women farmers on new technology etc.

* 'Women Startup Summit 2019' is hosted by Kerla Startup mission(KSUM) in association with Confederation of Indian industry (Non for profit, industry led industry managed org in 1895 with 9k members).
"She loves Tech" program will be showcased with 20 women startups is first time time happening in india. Kerla has 13% women participation in Tech startup ecosystem.

* Mid Day meal scheme under Min of HRD. HRD min has received 35 complaints from 15 states and UT's. This centrally sponserd scheme was launched in 1995 and rules was updated in 2015 with National food security act to provide Hot cooked meal to 1 to 8th Std students.
Latest guidelines include to procure AGMARK grains and if meal is not provided then state is liable to pay for  food security allowance on 15th of succeding month. Food should be tasted by 3 adult members including one teacher at the school.
State steering cum monitoring committee (SSMC) shall see the implementation & also make sure establishment of machanism for maintenance of nutriiotnal std and quality of meals.

* Multidimentional poverty index (10 indicator in health, education n STD if living) by UNDP+ OPHI ( org poverty n human dev initiative) mentions that 1 in every 3 child under age 10 n every 2nd child under 18 is multidimentional poor. Whereas 1 in every 6 adult is multidimentional poor. 

1.3 billion people are still multidimentional poor n sub Saharan Africa having Max no if those poor. Some African countries are having 90% of children under multidimentional poverty.

India has lifted 271 million people out of poverty btwn 2006 to 2016 n being one of fastest in developing sdg 1 along with combodia. Jharkhand being on top to remove poverty at high pace.

* Gender equality in Navy

Women participation in navy is just 6.7% as navy officer as there is no adequate facility for women on Ship boards, due to which direct posting is not happening.

To tackle this this navy has issued tender for cadet training ships which has facility catered for women offices.

* Global initiative for childhood cancer by World health organization in 2018. It aims to reach 60% survival rate By 2030.

Globally 82% of cancer in children are from low income countries. Low n middle income countries have death rate of cancer children 4 tyms than high income countries.

India has 80-90 Children having cancer among 1 lac whereas in West it is 160.

In India, many hospitals like All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS, Delhi), Tata Memorial Hospital (Mumbai) and Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGI-Chandigarh) have cancer survival rates almost equivalent to Western countries

* The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act 2019 – declares Triple talaq as illegal and cognizable offence which can invoke 3 years jail with fine.

This complaint can only be done by Women herself or relative by blood or virtue of her marriage. Women will be given compensation & kids Custody as termed by magistrate. Offence can be compounded after hearing women on whom the talaq has been invoked.

* Breastfeeding - Aug 1st to 7th celebrated as world's breastfeeding week in order to spread awareness among people.

Benifits of breastfeeding - it reduces the risk of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, diabetes type 2 And heart attack among women.

It helps infants from developing obesity related problem, diabetes type 2 ,infection like diorrhea and IQ related problem.

Govt initiative - MAA (mother's absolute affection) to spread awareness abt breastfeeding among women under min of health n family welfare.

Vatsalya - Matrix Amrit kosh by lady Harding's college Delhi along with norwaign Oslo University to provide National human milk bank n counselling to lactating women.

4th women Transforming India awards Is being held by niti aayog along with UN-Women to identify individual company's effort in transforming indian entrepreneurship programs.

* Min of information and broadcasting has mandated The captioning of TV program in order to make it accessible to hearing challenged or auriblity disabled person.

It will also boost the reading skills also. As per the EY media n entertainment report India has billions of TV viewers n on an avg every indian spend 3.46 hours daily.

Action plan - from Aug 15, atleast one program a week should be subtitled with Same language subtitling (SLS).

By 2020 atleast 10% of programs should be subtitled with 10% increase annually and by 2025 50%.

US became the 1st country which implemented the captioning for aurally challenged people.

Person with disability act 2016 (art 41 of DPSP) with 21 parameters fro. 7 earlier by min of social justice n empowerment.

* Govt if India has launched UMMID (Unique Methods of Management and Treatment of Inherited Disorders) initiative to tackle inherited genetic diseases of newborn babies. It will be implemented through govt hospitals.

In India's Urban area congetic malfunction n genetic disorder us 3rd largest cause of mortality after premature,infection n low weight of child.consanguineous marriage favoured in many communities also cause genetic disorder.

* NCST (constituted in 2003 by amending art 338 n inserting 338A with 5 mem, atleast 1 women n 2 member from ST population n retiring every 3 yrs can not be appointed more than 2 terms) has requested govt to declare ladhakh under 6th schedule. They already had agriculture rights over land though.

more than 90% of Ladakh’s population is tribal. The primary Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Ladakh are Balti Beda, Bot (or Boto), Brokpa (or Drokpa, Dard, Shin), Changpa, Garra, Mon and Purigpa.

 

* A part of Global Burden of decease study 2017, ICMR has Given comprehensive decease burden due to child n maternal mulnutrition. (Global burden of decease study initiative was started in 1990 by 100 of researchers worldwide including WHO and World bank) - 

Child n maternal mulnutrition is leading cause of Death rate, Disability adjusted life years, anaemia (54%) in women, Low birthweight , overweight.

Suggestion- Improving the overall nutrition in women n girl During preconceptions n pregnancy.

Anemia - wen RBC number or can not carry oxygen capacity which is required for physical growth which may vary depending on sex, age etc. Mostly happens when iron deficiency is found.

Govt initiative - Mid day meal, POSHAN Abhiyan 2017-18, NFSA 2013.

* Pradhan mantri matru Vandana yojna - is maternity benifits program launched in all district of country n is 100 centrally sponsored scheme. 

Benificiary - All Pregnant Women and Lactating Mothers (PW&LM), excluding those who are in regular employment with the Central Government or the State Governments or PSUs or those who are in receipt of similar benefits under any law for the time being in force.

The eligible beneficiaries also receive cash incentive under Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY). Thus, on an average, a woman gets Rs. 6,000.

-benificiary gets 5k in 3 installment On following condition

- registration of pregnancy

- anti natal checkup

- Registration of birth of living first child of the family n First cycle of vaccination

Why - every 3rd women is under-nourished n every 2nd women is anaemic.

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* As per recent report from "Sample registration system" (SRS) India's mortality rate has declined from 130 per 1lac 2014 - 2016  to 122 per lacs in 2015 - 2017 decline of 8 points which is 6.7%.

States are categorized in empowered action group, southern states n other states.

- Kerla got the 1st spot (46 to 42) followed by MH and TN.

- UP & MP recorded in increase in 15 points.

- 11 states have already their national health policy target well ahead of 2020 (1/10000).

Some of these initiatives are which played in reducing the mortality-

• LaQshya ( min of health n family welfare),
• Poshan Abhiyan (Mar 8,2018 by MoWCD to bring down Stunting among children from 38.4% to 25% by 2022 and Stunting, undernutrition, anemia and low birth by 2%, 2%, 3%, 2% respectively per annum,
• Janani Suraksha Yojana ( in 2005 central scheme 100% under national health mission for Reproductive-Maternal- Neonatal-Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A), institution delivery, and Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases by giving cash assistance before n after delivery irrespective of women's age n no of children ,
• Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan ( anemia check),
• Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (from jan 2017,cash assistance of 5k in 3 installment for 1st child in family for increased nutritional needs n wage loss on 3 condition viz. Early registration of pregnancy, anti natal checkup n registration of birth of child n initial vaccination. Available to all except female working with state or central govt or alike company)
• Surakshit matritva ashwashan initiative (SUMAN - zero preventable maternal n newborn death)
• Aspirational district program

It is in line with SDG 3 which target for MMR rate to come down below 70 by 2030.

 

* World's childrens day - 20th November because in this day UNGA has adopted the Rights of child in 1959. UN later adopted this as convention 1989.

To comkomorate the 30th anniversary of the same UNICEF has launched Go blue campaign where world's all imp building were lit blue including Indian parliament.

India's effort -

- Signatory to Rights of child since 1992.

- POSHAN Abhiyan

- Beti bachao beti padhai

- Mid day meal

- right to education act in 2009

- girl child marriage reduced from 47% in 2005-2006 to 27% in 2015-16 with child marriage act 2006.

- Access to drinking water from 62% in 1992 to 92 in 2019.

 

* Chattisgarh govt has Approved quota for disabled in Panchayati by amending the Panchayati Raj act 1993.

It is only state provide such quota in country. It also removed min education qualification for contestants which is against SC order in Rajbala vs State of Haryana 2015.

Accordance with art 41 of DPSP.

* SC and ST act 1989 - crime committed against SC in every 6 min.

6 womens gets raped on an avg every day. Btwn 2007 To 2017 66% growth is observed in crime rate against SC.

Subhash kashinath Mahajan vs state of Maharashtra 2018 judgement Supreme Court ruled -

- anticipatory bail for accused person

- preliminary enquiry to check whether it is malafide report.

This judgement is reviewed (review bench is always same bench) and overruled by SC in 2019.

 

* Pradhan mantri matru Vandana yojna- As per recent data given by Information commission best on RTI, said only 31% targets is achieved.

This is Wage compensation scheme of govt during pregnancy. Give 6000 rs for 1st child only in 3 installment on condition such as early registration of pregnancy, atl3ast 1 natal checkup and registration of child birth.

Scheme takes only 23% of birth under it's ambit n only 14% of all gets full amount.

Reasons- 23 pages form, mother child card, mother adhar card, Bank passbook, husband's adhar card etc.

 

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