Neurostimulation

1. 1What causes the interaction between myosin and actin in muscle fibres?

   1. ACa+ influx
   2. BNa- efflux
   3. CK+ influx
   4. DCl- efflux
2. 2A __________ is the synapse between a(n) __________ and ___________.

   1. ANeuromuscular junction; alpha motor neuron; one or more muscle fibres
   2. BMotor unit; gamma motor neuron; one or more actin fibres
   3. Calpha-gamma synapse; alpha motor neuron; a single gamma output neuron
3. 3What is the principle of higher frequency action potentials= more force?

   1. AThe Encoding Principle of Force Control
   2. BThe Principle of Tetany
   3. CThe Tetanic Principle of Force Construction
4. 4At what frequency is tetany?

   1. A30-40Hz
   2. B10-30Hz
   3. C3-5Hz
   4. D300-330Hz
5. 5Which of the following is NOT true?
   Neurons being used for a tetanic contraction:

   1. AAre "blocked"
   2. BCan't be recruited for anything else
   3. CHave to repolarise, hyperpolarise, and come back to resting potential before being used again
   4. DAre in a hyperpolarised state
6. 6What is a useful technique for stroke victims paralysed on one side?

   1. APeripheral electrical stimulation
   2. BProsthetic foot
   3. CExcitability prosthesis
7. 7What is NOT true of Deep Brain Stimulation?

   1. AUsually used therapeutically or in primates
   2. BOften used to treat Parkinson's
   3. CImplants chronic electrodes deep in the brain
   4. DElectrodes can only provide stimulation, not record electrical activity
8. 8What is NOT true of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)?

   1. AIs a common tool for people who don't resopnd to drugs or psychotherapy
   2. BFloods brain with a huge current
   3. CInduces a seizure
   4. DCauses whole brain to fire synchronously
   5. EIs like a factory reset on the brain
   6. FWas performed on "shell-shocked" WWII soldiers
9. 9What is NOT true of Direct Cortical Electrical Stimulation (DCES)?

   1. ADirectly stimulate exposed brain
   2. BInterrupts function of stimulated cells
   3. CUsed in neurosurgery to map out which parts of the brain are not safe to remove
   4. DUsed in neuropsychological experiments
   5. ECan record seizure activity in the brain
10. 10Transcranial Eletrical Stimulation (TES) needs both an _____ and a _______ to pass current

    1. Aanode; cathode
    2. Banion; cation
    3. Csham; control

11. 11What is NOT true of a sham stimulation?

    1. AControls for effects of placebo and arousal
    2. BStimulates a part of the brain we know shouldn't be affecting behaviour
    3. CControls for habituation
    4. DSubject can sense when it is applied and stopped
12. 12What is not true of TMS?

    1. AIt is correlational
    2. BDoesn't seem to have permanent effects even if used repeatedly
    3. CPasses a small current
    4. DCan improve mood
13. 13What is not an advantage of TES?

    1. ALasting effect
    2. BRelatively cheap
    3. CPortable
    4. DCan provide better ecological validity
    5. ERelatively easy to use
    6. FPretty safe
    7. GUnidirectional
14. 14What is NOT a disadvantage of TES?

    1. APoorly localised
    2. BNo temporal resolution
    3. CCan't cause action potentials
    4. DIt interferes with a person's behaviour
15. 15Which technique can actually cause action potentials?

    1. ATMS
    2. BTES
    3. CDCES
    4. DDBS
    5. EECT
16. 16What is not true of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)?

    1. APass a current in a coil over the brain for 400ms
    2. BCauses magnetic field perpendicular to the coil
    3. CMagnetic field close enough to brain can cause an electrical current
    4. DIt is partially blocked by bone and tissue
    5. EStimulates brain directly underneath the coil
17. 17Who of the following can use TMS?

    1. AEpileptics
    2. BPeople with magnetic brain implants
    3. CSomeone with a family history of seizures
    4. DAnyone else
18. 18What is the technique where you block one brain region?

    1. AChronometry
    2. BTransmorphism
    3. CCortical suppression
19. 19Blind and non-blind people use the visual cortex to read Braille

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
20. 20An ________ design is stimulating while giving the subject a task
    An ________ design is causing a virtual lesion/window of inactivity

    1. Aonline; offline
    2. Boffline; online
    3. Consite; offsite
    4. Doffsite; onsite
21. 21What is NOT an advantage of TMS?

    1. ACauses plastic changes
    2. BRepeatable
    3. CHigh spatial resolution
    4. DHigh temporal resolution
    5. ECausal inferences between brain activity and behaviour
    6. FTherapeutic benefits
22. 22What is NOT a limitation of TMS?

    1. ACan only stimulate brain regions on the surface of the cortex
    2. BSome risks to subjects
    3. CUncertainty of localisation
    4. DRisk of hearing loss
    5. ESlow
23. 23Brain stimulation cheat sheet- What do you need?
    High temporal resolution= [blank_start]TMS[blank_end]
    To change the excitability threshold= [blank_start]tDCS (TES)[blank_end]
    High spatial resolution= [blank_start]not tDCS (TES)[blank_end]

    1. ATMS
    2. BtDCS (TES)
    3. Cnot tDCS (TES)
    4. DDBS
    5. EECT
    6. FDCES

Descripción

Neuroscience Test sobre Neurostimulation, creado por Jennifer Khouw el 30/04/2018.

Autor

Jennifer Khouw

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English

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