Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What is the following structure called?
Respuesta
-
Blastocyst
-
Morula
-
Zygote
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The primitive streak is indicative of gastrulation occuring.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The ectoderm gives rise to...
Respuesta
-
Enamel
-
Epidermis
-
Nervous system
-
Cardiovascular system
-
Respiratory system
-
Gastrointestinal system
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
The mesoderm gives rise to...
Respuesta
-
Cardiovascular system
-
Muscle
-
Connective tissue
-
Epidermis
-
Urinary system
-
Gastrointestinal tract
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The endoderm gives rise to...
Respuesta
-
Respiratory system
-
Gastrointestinal tract
-
Urinary system
-
Cardiovascular system
-
Epidermis
-
Nervous system
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The notochord forms from the notochordal plate in a cranial to caudal sequence.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
What substances does the primitive node release?
Respuesta
-
Brain derived neurotrophic factor
-
NODAL
-
BMP4
-
Noggin
-
CSPG's
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The function of NODAL is...
Respuesta
-
Maintains the primitive streak
-
Stimulates skin formation from the ectoderm
-
Stimulates cranial structure and nervous system development
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The function of BMP4 is...
Respuesta
-
Maintains the primitive streak
-
Stimulates skin formation from the ectoderm
-
Stimulates cranial structure and nervous system development
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
The function of Noggin is...
Respuesta
-
Maintains the primitive streak
-
Stimulates skin formation from the ectoderm
-
Stimulates cranial structure and nervous system development
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Neurulation is folding of the neural plate which continues until formation of a neural tube. The closure disconnects the neural crest from the ectoderm, also forming neural crest cells.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The notochord releases BMP that patterns the ventral side of the neural tube which gives the precursor to the motor neurones of the ventral spinal cord
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Neural crest cells are formed when the neural tube closes and detaches from the ectoderm. Give some examples of where they may migrate and what structures develop.
Respuesta
-
Ectoderm - melanocytes
-
Mesoderm - ganglia, bones of the face and skull
-
Endoderm - urinary system
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Spina Bifida is caused by failure of the neural tube to close.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
NODAL helps to establish internal asymmetry.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Mutations in SHH leads to lack of bilateral symmetry and development of conditions like cyclopsia.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Hox genes control body segmentation; essentially determining what section of the body will become what particular limb etc.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The visceral layer of the lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to what structure?
Respuesta
-
GI tract
-
Muscle
-
Heart
-
Lungs
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The parietal layer of the lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to what structures?
Respuesta
-
Bones of limbs
-
Connective tissue of limbs
-
Urogenital system
-
Heart
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The intermediate mesoderm gives rise to what structure?
Respuesta
-
Urogenital system
-
Respiratory system
-
Connective tissue of limbs
-
GI tract
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The paraxial mesoderm differentiates into dermatome, myotome and sclerotome. What will the dermatome become?
Respuesta
-
Dermis
-
Muscle
-
Tendon
-
Cartilage
-
Bone
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
The paraxial mesoderm differentiates into dermatome, myotome and sclerotome. What will the myotome become?
Respuesta
-
Dermis
-
Muscle
-
Tendon
-
Cartilage
-
Bone
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The paraxial mesoderm differentiates into dermatome, myotome and sclerotome. What will the sclerotome become?
Respuesta
-
Dermis
-
Muscle
-
Tendon
-
Cartilage
-
Bone
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
What structures may the pharyngeal pouches give rise to?
Respuesta
-
Palatine tonsils
-
Parathyroid gland
-
Thymus gland
-
Thyroid gland
-
Cricoid cartilage
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Neural crest cells migrate to the pharyngeal arches. Failure of migration can lead to conditions such as spina bifida.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 1st pharyngeal arch?
Respuesta
-
Mandible
-
Muscles of mastication
-
Muscles of facial expression
-
Styloid process
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?
Respuesta
-
Mandible
-
Styloid process
-
Muscles of mastication
-
Muscles of facial expression
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 3rd pharyngeal arch?
Respuesta
-
Stylopharyngeus
-
Hyoid
-
Styloid process
-
Thyroid cartilage
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 4th pharyngeal arch?
Respuesta
-
Mandible
-
Pharyngeal constrictors
-
Thyroid cartilage
-
Muscles of facial expression
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
What muscular and skeletal structures arise from the 6th pharyngeal arch?
Respuesta
-
Cricoid cartilage
-
Intrinsic muscles of the larynx
-
Pharyngeal constrictors
-
Thyroid cartilage
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
The medial nasal prominences fuse to form the secondary palate.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The maxillary prominences fuse to form the secondary palate.
Respuesta
- True
- False
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