Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of the following is a term for a cyclic behavior that changes yearly?
Respuesta
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circadian
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ultradian
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circannual
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zeitgeber
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Mammals have circadian rhythms:
Respuesta
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only for their sleep/activity cycle.
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only for frequency of eating and drinking
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for sleep/wake cycles as well as many other behaviors
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only for body temperature only and eating behavior
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Based on research, it has been determined that a free-running human circadian rhythm appears:
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Of the following, which one is a commonly used way to consistently adjust the circadian rhythms of people in our culture?
Respuesta
-
exposure to alarm clocks
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exposure to very dim lights
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working different schedules every day
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eating a big meal before going to sleep
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
A cue which is used to reset a circadian rhythm would be called a:
Respuesta
-
zeitgeber
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phase shifter
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zeitgeist
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alpha spike
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which of the following is a protein coded for by the gene tim?
Respuesta
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period
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timeless
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per
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amyloid
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
After damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the body:
Respuesta
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cannot generate biological rhythms at all.
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still has rhythms in synchrony with environmental patterns of light and dark.
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still has a rhythms, but they are more variable, and inconsistent
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still has rhythms, but they can only be reset by artificial light.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is found in the:
Respuesta
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thalamus
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infundibulum
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midbrain
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hypothalamus
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
One of the hormones which is strongly implicated in the maintenance of circadian rhythms is:
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Beta waves are characteristic of what type of activity?
Respuesta
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NREM sleep
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nightmares
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dosing off into sleep
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wakefulness
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Stage One sleep is most characterized by:
Respuesta
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the appearance of theta waves
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sleep spindles and K-complexes
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predominance of delta waves
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the first appearance of delta waves
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most characteristic of which sleep stage?
Respuesta
-
stage 1
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stage 2
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stage 3
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stage 4
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Stage 4 of sleep is composed of a majority of which frequency of EEG patterns?
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The acronym "REM" stands for:
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT associated with REM sleep?
Respuesta
-
increased probability of dreaming
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small eye movements
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EEG patterns resembling wakefulness
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tense and active postural muscles
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
PGO (waves) is an abbreviation for which of the following?
Respuesta
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paradoxical gradual onset
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psycho-galvanic oscillation
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pons geniculate occipital
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psychasthenia glyceric onomatopoeia
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
During REM sleep:
Respuesta
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it is normal for a person to behaviorally act out their dreams
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females commonly experience orgasms
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males typically attain erections
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delta waves predominate the EEG
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
For a normal person, about how long does a single cycle of sleep (from stage 1 to stage 4 and back to stage 1 again) lst?
Respuesta
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5-10 minutes
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90-100 minutes
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4 hours
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7-8 hours
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Caffeine in coffee or tea typically keeps someone awake by:
Respuesta
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blocking adenosine in the brain
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inhibiting norepinephrine
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working as a serotonin agonist
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working as an acetylcholine antagonist
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which of the following is not characteristic of narcolepsy?
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
What is involved in sleep apnea?
Respuesta
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involuntary movements of the arms and legs during sleep
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inability to breathe while sleeping
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tendency to fall asleep suddenly during the day
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sleep-talking
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Statistically, which of the following individuals is most likely to suffer from sleep apnea?
Respuesta
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a young, thin female
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an elderly, average weight female
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an old, thin male
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a middle-aged, overweight male
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy includes:
Respuesta
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sleep without dreams
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REM onset with the sleep attack
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muscle twitches during a spindle
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Stage 4 EEGs at the start of sleep
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
People who move around vigorously during dreams, apparently acting out those dreams, have which of the following condition?
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Waking suddenly in a sweat, feeling scared and anxious would be most associated with:
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Night terrors, sleep walking and sleep talking are most likely to occur in which stage of sleep?
Respuesta
-
stage one
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stage two
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stage four
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REM
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What is grinding ones teeth at night called?
Respuesta
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nocturnal enuresis
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myoclonus
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bruxism
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incubus
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which of the following is also a term for bed-wetting?
Respuesta
-
nocturnal enuresis
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myoclonus
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bruxism
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incubus
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following theories for why people sleep involves a recalibration of neuromuscular connections?
Respuesta
-
repair and restoration
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evolutionary
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motor pathway reset
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psychoanalytic
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which of the following has been proposed as a theory that accounts for dreaming?
Respuesta
-
restoration of metabolic functions
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activation-synthesis theory
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homeostasis theory
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emotional variance reduction
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
According to the evolutionary theory of sleep, what is the primary function of sleep?
Respuesta
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to conserve energy during periods of environmental inactivity
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to promote brain development
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to restore body functions that were exhausted during wakefulness
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to enable the person to reexperience, in dreams, the events of the past.
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The SRY gene will code for:
Respuesta
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the development of the female reproductive organs
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the development of the testes
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the secretion of estrogen into the blood stream
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the development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus in the hypothalamus
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Mullerian ducts can be found in:
Respuesta
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genetic female fetuses only
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genetic male fetuses only
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both female and male fetuses early in development
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both female and male fetuses until days before birth
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What are the tissue precursors for the male reproductive structures called?
Respuesta
-
Mullerian system
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Turner's system
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Wolffian system
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Kinsey's system
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
If you exposed a female rat to testosterone during a critical period early in life, her hypothalamus will:
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Follicle-stimulating hormone is released by the:
Respuesta
-
pineal gland
-
posterior pituitary
-
anterior pituitary
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ovum
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Gonadropin releasing hormone will be secreted by the:
Respuesta
-
hypothalamus
-
pituitary
-
testes
-
ovaries
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
In a human female, the hormones of LH, FSH, and estradiol reach a peak:
Respuesta
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in the first month of pregnancy
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at the start of the menstrual period
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at the end of the menstrual period
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around the time of ovulation
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Birth control pills prevent pregnancy by:
Respuesta
-
increasing the release of estrogen
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increasing the release of FSH
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interfering with the feedback cycle between the ovaries and pituitary
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inactivating both ovaries
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a typical male sexual behavior?
Respuesta
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intromission
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pelvic thrusting
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lordosis
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ejaculation
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
When female mice synchronize their estrous cycles, it would be called the:
Respuesta
-
Lee-Boot effect
-
Whitten effect
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Vandenbergh effect
-
Bruce effect
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
When the odor of a male mouse accelerates the onset of puberty in female mice, it would be called the:
Respuesta
-
Lee-Boot effect
-
Whitten effect
-
Vandenbergh effect
-
Bruce effect
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Someone with Turner's syndrome would have what genetic complement of sex chromosomes?
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Someone with androgen insensitivity is genetically:
Respuesta
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female, but looks intermediate between male and female
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female, but fails to show any changes at puberty
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male, looks like a normal male, but behaves more like a female
-
male, but develops looking more like a female
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
IN the Dominican Republic, certain genetic males who are regarded in early childhood as girls have developed into boys at puberty. What is this condition called?