4014797
Descripción
Test por kimberly mund, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por kimberly mund
hace más de 8 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What is the physiologic pr[blank_start]o[blank_end]cesses occurring to filtrate when it is within the kidneys? (elimination / regulation of what?) 5 steps
Respuesta
-
Elimination/Regulation (5 steps)
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What enzyme does the kidney's release to regulate blood pressure, which hormone does it stimulate?
Respuesta
-
Renin, angiotensin II
-
Angiotensin II, Renin
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What ions do the kidneys regulate to control blood ion balance?
Respuesta
-
CA, P, K, H
-
CA, K , H, Phosphate
-
NA, N, C, O
-
NA, CA, K, Phosphate
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What functions do the kidney's perform?
Respuesta
-
Formation of Calcitriol (increases absorption of Calcium in small intestine)
-
Production and release of leukocytes (protects the body from attacks0
-
Production and release of erythropoietin (Secretes EPO, stimulates RB marrow to increase RBC formation)
-
Potential to engage in gluconeogenesis (produce glucose during fasting/starvation, maintains glucose levels
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
In general, kidneys take care of our blood, remove unwanted blood materials, maintain blood plasma concentration of the ions, regulate blood pH, maintain blood glucose, maintain number of RBC's, helps blood pressure.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Gluconeogenesis produces glucose in times of fasting/starvation from noncarbohydrate sources
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
The urinary system is composed of what?
Respuesta
-
Kidneys
-
Ureters
-
Urinary Bladder
-
Urethra
-
Heart
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
One of the primary functions of the kidney's is to filter blood and convert it into urine
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The liquid waste from the kidneys is transported by what to what?
Respuesta
-
Urinary bladder, Urethra
-
Ureters, Urethra
-
Urethra, Urinary Bladder
-
Ureters, Urinary bladder
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What structure of the urinary system forms urine?
Respuesta
-
Urinary Bladder
-
Kidneys
-
Urethra
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The urinary bladder is the expandable muscular sac which stores 1L of urine until it is eliminated from the body through the urethra
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
What are the two means by which the kidney helps to regulate blood pressure?
Respuesta
-
Fluid regulation
-
Releasing angiotensin II, stimulates renin
-
Releasing Renin, stimulates angiotensin II
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
The hilum apart of the kidney functions as what?
Respuesta
-
Vessels, nerves, and ureter connect to kidney
-
Concave medial border
-
vessels, nerves, lymph nodes connect to kidney
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Kidneys are located along _______ abdominal wall and ____ to the vertebral column?
Respuesta
-
Anterior, Medial
-
Anterior, Superior
-
Posterior, Lateral
-
Posterior, Medial
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
The kidneys are positioned posterior to the parietal peritoneum in the retroperitoneal space.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The kidneys are surrounded and supported by several tissue layers, which ones are they?
Respuesta
-
FIbrous capsule
-
Fibrous tract
-
Perinephric fat
-
Renal fascia
-
Renal capsid
-
Paranephric fat
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The fibrous capsule that surrounds the kidney directly is made of dense regular connective tissue.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The perinephric fat, just behind the fibrous capsule contains adipose connective tissue.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The renal fascia, external to the perinephric fat is composed of dense irregular adipose tissue.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The paranephric fat, the outermost layer of the kidneys, is composed of adipose connective tissue.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The right kidney is about 2 centimeters superior to the left kidney.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Both kidneys are completely protected by the rib cage.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The fibrous capsule of the kidney helps prevent infectious pathogens from penetrating it.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The perinephric fat layer of the kidney helps anchor the kidney to surrounding structures.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The perinephric fat provides cushion and support for the kidney.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
The paranephric fat also provides support and cushion for the kidney.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What are the two distinct regions of the kidney?
Respuesta
-
Renal Papilla
-
Renal lobes
-
Renal Cortex
-
Renal Medulla
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The renal columns extend from the medulla into the cortex to subdivide it.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The medially directed apex (tip) of the renal pyramid called renal papilla
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which disease is the failure of a kidney to develop? (can have unilateral or bilateral)
Respuesta
-
Renal agenesis
-
Horseshoe kidney
-
Supernumerary kidneys
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which is asymptomatic, which one is fatal: unilateral renal agenesis or bilateral renal agenesis.
Respuesta
-
Unilateral - fatal, bilateral, asymptomatic
-
Unilateral - asymptomatic, bilateral - fatal
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
A Pelvic kidney may occur if the developing kidney fails to migrate from the pelvic cavity to the abdominal cavity (are asymptomatic and function normally)
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
What is the wide base of the renal pyramid lies at the external edge of the medulla, where it meets the cortex?
Respuesta
-
corticomedullary junction
-
corticomedullary border
-
both (same name)
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The parenchyma of a human kidney can be dived into how many renal lobes?
Respuesta
-
8 to 15
-
6-12
-
8-12
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
A renal lobe consists of a renal pyramid, portions of renal column, portions of renal columns adjacent to either side of the renal pyramid, and the renal cortex external to the pyramid base.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Each kidney contains a medially located space that serves as a urine drainage area called what?
Respuesta
-
renal calyces
-
renal sinus
-
minor sinus
-
minor calyx
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The main function of the ________ is to filter blood and remove unwanted substances out of the body.
Respuesta
-
renal medulla
-
renal cortex
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Housed within the space around the renal ______ are the renal artery, renal vein, lymph vessels, nerves, and a variable amount of fat.
Respuesta
-
sinus
-
pelvis
-
cortex
-
medulla
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
This kidney structure enwraps the apex of the renal pyramids. Following production in the kidney, urine enters into a minor calyx following a passage through a renal papilla located at the apex. It then enters into the Major calyx and is passed into the ureter through the renal pelvis.
Respuesta
-
True
-
False
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What is it called when extra kidneys that develop, but are rare and have no clinical significance.
Respuesta
-
Horseshoe kidneys
-
Supernumerary kidneys
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What develops when the inferior parts of the left and right kidneys fuse and they ascent from the pelvic cavity into the abdominal cavity?
Respuesta
-
Supernumerary kidneys
-
Horseshoe kidney
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
The "dropping" or inferior movement of the kidney within the abdominal cavity.
Respuesta
-
hydronephrosis
-
hyponephrosis
-
renal ptosis
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Urine backs up into the kidney which will result in a swelling of the kidney called hydronephrosis. If not treated, renal failure may occur.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
The loss of adipose connective tissue in very thin elderly people or individuals with anorexia may result in renal ptosis.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What three anatomic structures of the kidney are innervated by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
Respuesta
-
juxtaglomerular apparatus, afferent and efferent arterioles
-
renal sinus, juxtaglomerular apparatus, renal pelvis
-
juxtaglomerular apparatus, renal papilla, renal colums
-
afferent and efferent arterioles, renal sinus
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
The general effect of sympathetic stimulation of the kidneys is to increase urine production.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
What is the microscopic functional filtration unit of the kidney?
Respuesta
-
Renin
-
nephron
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Each nephron consists of two major structures: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
All of the renal corpuscles and almost all of the renal tubules reside in the medulla.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What is the enlarged, bulbous portion of a nephron housed within the renal cortex. Composed of two structures: glomerulus and the glomerular capsule.
Respuesta
-
Renal Tubule
-
Renal Corpuscle
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
The glomerulus is a thick tangle of capillary loops called the glomerular capillaries.
Respuesta
- True
- False
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