Flashcards
Urinary System
Cards in this deck (45)
- 1Blood vessels of a kidney that divide into the capillary network called a glomerulus; there is one for each glomerulus.Afferent Arterioles
- 2Removal of waste and water from blood by the kidneys to make urineFiltration
- 3Osmosis of water down it's concentration gradient as a result of movement of Na+. Water follows sodium.Obligatory Water Reabsorption
- 4A triangular region at the base of the urinary bladderTrigone
- 5A mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex that promotes sodium and water reabsorption by the kidneys and potassium excretion in urine.Aldosterone
- 6A double-walled epithelial cup at the proximal end of a nephron that encloses the glomerular capillaries.Glomerular Capsule (Bowmans Capsule)
- 7The functional parts of any organ, as opposed to tissue that forms its stroma or framework.Parenchyma
- 8A minute tubeTubule
- 9Hormone produced by neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus that stimulates water reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood and vasoconstriction of arterioles. Also called vasopressinAntidiuretic Hormone
- 10The volume of fluid filtered from the renal (kidney) glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per unit of time.Glomerular Filtration Rate
- 11Footlike structures, as on podocytes of a glomerulusPedicels
- 12The process that moves solutes and water out of the filtrate and back into your bloodstreamTubular Reabsorption
- 13Peptide hormone, produced by the atria of the heart in response to stretching, that inhibits aldosterone production and thus lowers blood pressure; causes natriuresis, increased urinary excretion of sodium.Atrial Natriuretic peptide
- 14A rounded mass of nerves or blood vessels, especially the microscopic tuft of capillaries that is surrounded by the glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule of each kidney tubuleGlomerulus
- 15Cells in Bowman's capsule in the kidneys that wrap around capillaries of the glomerulusPodocyte
- 16The transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to the renal tubular lumenTubular Secretion
- 17An intrarenal space located in the renal medulla that serves to collect and transport urine.Calyx/ Calyces
- 18A depression or pit at the part of an organ where vessels and nerves enter.Hilus
- 19Cell of the kidney collecting duct. One of the most highly regulated epithelial cell types in vertebrates. The effects of hormonal, autocrine, and paracrine factors to regulate _______ transport processes are central to the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance in the face of wide variations in food and water intake.Principal Cells
- 20The duct from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body that conveys urine in females and urine and semen in males.Urethra
- 21Part of the filtration system in the nephrons of the kidneys. A series of small tubes inside the kidneys that funnel urine into the renal pelvis for drainage into the ureter.Collecting Ducts
- 22Kidney tubule epithelial cells with important roles in the regulation of acid-base homeostasisIntercalated Cells
- 23The part of the kidney consisting of renal lobules in the outer zone beneath the capsule and the lobules of the renal columns that are extensions inward between the pyramids; contains the renal corpuscles, medullary rays, and proximal and distal convoluted tubulesRenal Cortex
- 24Two tubes that connect the kidneys with the urinary bladder.Ureters
- 25Smooth muscle that forms the wall of the urinary bladder.Detrusor Muscle
- 26Consists of the macula densa (cells of the distal convoluted tubule adjacent to the afferent and efferent arterioles) and juxtaglomerular cells (modified cells of the afferent and sometimes efferent arterioles); secretes renin when blood pressure starts to fall.Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
- 27A glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule and its enclosed glomerulus.Renal Corpuscle
- 28An analysis of the volume and physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urineUrinalysis
- 29A vessel of the renal vascular system that carries blood from a glomerulus to a peritubular capillary.Efferent Arteriole
- 30Pair of reddish organs located in the lumbar region that regulate the composition, volume, and pressure of blood and produce urine.Kidneys
- 31The inner, darker portion of the kidney parenchyma consisting of the renal pyramids.Renal Medulla
- 32The fluid produced by the kidneys that contains wastes and excess materials; excreted from the body through the urethra.Urine
- 33The reabsorption of water in the kidneys that is under the hormonal control of ADH (anti diuretic hormone) The amount of water reabsorbed is dependant on how much the body needs to reabsorb to maintain homeostasis and fluid balance.Facultative Water Reabsorption
- 34The part of the renal tubule that receives fluid from the proximal convoluted tubule and transmits it to the distal convoluted tubule.Nephron Loop (Loop of Henle)
- 35A cavity in the centre of the kidney formed by the expanded, proximal portion of the ureter, lying within the kidney, and into which the major calyces open.Renal Pelvis
- 36A hollow, muscular organ situated in the pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysis; receives urine via two ureters and stores urine until it is excreted through the urethra.Urinary Bladder
- 37Holes. These occur in the capillaries to facilitate exchange of substances.Fenestrations
- 38The act of expelling urine from the urinary bladder.Micturition
- 39Triangular structures in the renal medulla containing the straight segments of renal tubules and the vasa recta.Renal Pyramids
- 40The body system consisting of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.Urinary System
- 41The fluid produced when blood is filtered by the filtration membrane in the glomeruli of the kidneys.Filtrate
- 42The functional units of the kidneyNephrons
- 43External to the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavityRetroperitoneal
- 44Extensions of the efferent arteriole of a juxtamedullary nephron that run alongside the nephron loop in the medullary region of the kidney.Vasa Recta
- 45Glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. One pressure promotes filtration and two pressures oppose filtrationNet Filtration Pressure