Urinary System

Urinary System

1. Structures and Functions

   • 2 Kidneys
     • Regulate blood volume and compisition, help regulate blood pressure, synthesise glucose, release erythropoieten, participate in vitamin D synthesis and excrete waste in urine.
   • 2 Ureters
     • Transport urine from kidneys to urinary badder
   • Urinary bladder
     • Stores bladder
   • Urethra
     • Discharges urine from the body
   • FUNCTION: to filter blood passing through kidneys to produce urine. Also regulates volume and composition of body fluids.

2. Macrastructure of the kidney

   • Lies between level of last thoracic and third lumbar verebrae on posterior abdominal wall. Bean shaped organ.
   • 3 areas: fibrous capsule > cortex - reddish brown layer below capsule. > Medulla - innermost, consists of pale conial shaped striations called pyramids.
   • Functional units of kidney are nephrons. Consists of 2 parts: > Renal corpsucle: glomerulus and bowmans capsuale, > Renal tubule: .proximal convoluted tubule .loop of henle . distal convoluted tubule

3. Process of urine function

   • FILTRATION: > Water and solutes move from blood into capsule then tubule to form filtrate. SELECTIVE REABSORBTION: > Filtrate constituents required to maintain body's fluid and electrolyte balance are reabsorbed. SECRETION: > Transfer of substances from blood into tubular fluid.

4. Normal / abnormal contstituents of urine

5. Transportation, storage, and elimination of urine