Cardiac Abnormalities

The functional consequences of valve disease are?

The 3 main pathological processes of acquired valve disease are- degeneration either calcific [blank_start](aortic)[blank_end] or myomatous degeneration [blank_start](mitral[blank_end]). Infective involving [blank_start]endocarditis[blank_end] or syphilis (aortic valve). Inflammatory involving non-infective endocarditis or [blank_start]rheumatic heart disease[blank_end]?

The clinical consequences of calcific aortic stenosis include left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac compensation

Mitral valve calcification typically involves calcification of the?

Rheumatic Heart Disease is a multi-system inflammatory disease involving the heart, skin, joints and brain. It occurs 6/52 after ? strep infection. Chronic infection includes valve scarring and damage, which can predispose to clinical sequelae.

Rheumatic heart disease involves a [blank_start]type 2 hypersensitivity[blank_end] reaction. The target antigen is the cell wall antigen of the [blank_start]group A strep[blank_end]. This leads to [blank_start]sterile[blank_end] vegetations and activation of macrophages and cytokines which can cause damage to the heart valves.

Infective endocarditis involves formation of vegetations on heart [blank_start]valves[blank_end]. Most common valves affected are aortic and [blank_start]mitral[blank_end] valves. Right sided valves typically occur with [blank_start]multiple[blank_end] organisms or intravenous drug usage. Large destruction occurs due to vegetations involving fibrin, [blank_start]inflammatory[blank_end] cells, necrotic debris and bacteria.

Infective vegetation is typically associated with <5mm vegetations?