Mind map

Cardiovascular System

erindarcyjohnson English

Map content

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
- "Heart Attack"
  - Caused by Ischemia, usually a blocked artery
- RISK FACTORS
  - Smoking
  - Coronary thrombus
  - Aortic Stenosis
  - Cocaine Use
- TESTS
  - ECG
  - Serum Levels of Cardiac Enzymes
- MEDICATIONS
  - Thrombolytic agents (streptokinase, urokinase, t-PA)
  - Pain Relievers
  - Heparin Therapy
- OUTCOMES
  - Depends size, location, and amount of damage
- BLOOD COMPONENTS
  - Blood cholesterol
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
- Unable to pump enough blood to body
- RISK FACTORS
  - HTN
  - Cardiac Conditions
  - Obesity
  - Stress
- TESTS
  - ECG
  - Echocardiogram
- MEDICATIONS
  - ACE Inhibitors
  - Diuretics
  - Betablockers
- OUTCOME
  - 10-50% Mortality rate depending on severity
  - Earlier diagnosis=better prognosis
HYPERTENSION
- Higher than 140/90 mm Hg
- RISK FACTORS
  - Smoking
  - Obesity
  - High Cholesterol
  - Genetics
  - High Sodium Intake
- BLOOD COMPONENTS
  - Blood Cholesterol
- TESTS
  - Blood Pressure
  - ECG
  - Complete Blood Count
  - Urinalysis
  - Serum Potassium
  - Cholesterol
- MEDICATIONS
  - Antihypertensive
    - Diuretics
    - Adrenergic Blockers
    - Calcium Antagonists
    - ACE Inhibitors
- OUTCOME
  - Uncontrolled
    - Angina Pectoris, Stroke, Thrombotic occlusion
HEMOPHILIA
- RISK FACTORS
  - Parent is carrier
  - Parent has disease
- Bleeding disorder with clotting deficiencies
- TESTS
  - Cord blood sample
  - CBC
  - Clotting Factor Assays
  - Activated partial thromboplastin time
- MEDICATIONS
  - No cure
  - Factor replacement therapy
- OUTCOME
  - Medical treatment prolongs life and improves quality of life
- COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
  - Clotting Factors
SICKLE CELL DISEASE
- Disorder of RBC with abnormal Hemoglobin (Hb S)
  - RISK FACTORS
    - Both parents with Hb S gene
      - Parent w/ Hb S & parent w/ Hb C
    - BLOOD COMPONENTS
      - Red Blood Cells
      - TESTS
        Universal screening
        Sickle turbidity test
        Electrophoresis
        Amniocentesis or Chorionic Villus
        MEDICATIONS
        Pain Relievers
        IV Fluids
        Antibiotics
        Hydroxyurea
        OUTCOMES
        Life Expectancy: M- 42 y.o.; F- 48 y.o.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
- RISK FACTORS
  - Smoking
    - High Total Serum Cholesterol
      - HTN
        Diabetes
      - Inactivity
    - Obesity
  - Blood Components
    - TESTS
      - Coronary angiography
        Echo- cardiography
      - MEDICATIONS
        Aspirin
        Antiplatelet treatment
        Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockers
        OUTCOMES
        <35 y.o. fatality rate; increase considerably until 75 y.o.
    - Lipids
·
- DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
  - RISK FACTORS
    - Recent venous thromboembolism
      - Renal Transplant
    - Major surgeries
      - CABG
        Splenectomy
    - BLOOD COMPONENTS
      - Complete Blood Count
        Clotting Factors
        Fibrin
      - MEDICATIONS
        Low-molecular-weight Heparin
        Longterm anticoagulants
        TESTS
        Doppler duplex ultrasonography
        OUTCOMES
        Depends on size, collateral circulation, and underlying cause
  - Partial or complete venous clot
- SHOCK
  - Circulatory system unable to maintain enough pressure to supply organs
    - RISK FACTORS
      - Hypovolemia
        Decreased Systemic Vascular Resistance
      - TESTS
        Blood pressure
        Systemic vascular resistance
BY: ERIN JOHNSON