4246802
Descripción
Test por Erin Mason, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Erin Mason
hace más de 8 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The place where the Seljuk Turks had originated from.
Respuesta
-
Persia
-
Anatolia
-
Egypt
-
Central Asia
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The place where the Turks had migrated recently from. They were heavily influenced by its culture and language.
Respuesta
-
Scandinavia
-
Romania
-
Persia
-
Europe
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The nomadic Islamic people who had invaded Anatolia in the 1060's after conquering Persia.
Respuesta
-
Abbasids
-
Fatimids
-
Egyptians
-
Seljuk Turks
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
The Christian land that the Seljuk Turks overran after Manzikert, during the 1070's and 1080's.
Respuesta
-
Anatolia
-
Persia
-
Romania
-
Scandinavia
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The territories conquered by the Turks in Anatolia that became a separate sultanate.
Respuesta
-
Danishmends
-
Rum
-
Hama
-
Aleppo
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The Seljuk ruler who ruled the empire at its greatest extent and after whose death in 1092 collapsed.
Respuesta
-
Alp Arslan
-
Tughril
-
Malik Shah I
-
Barkiyaruq
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
The important battle that took place between the Byzantines and Seljuk Turks in 1071. The Byzantine army was routed.
Respuesta
-
Harran
-
Inab
-
Ramlah
-
Manzikert
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The leader of the Seljuk Turks who captured the Byzantine emperor at Manzikert in 1071.
Respuesta
-
Tughril
-
Alp Arslan
-
Muhammad
-
Malik Shah II
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
A reforming pope who had attempted to aid Byzantium after Manzikert.
Respuesta
-
Victor I
-
Gregory VII
-
Soter
-
Pius I
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
The branch of religion that the Seljuk's had converted to. They recognised the titular authority of the Caliph in Baghdad.
Respuesta
-
Shia Muslim
-
Kharijite Islam
-
Sunni Islam
-
Sufism
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The Shia Muslims who controlled Egypt and were at war with the Seljuk Turks over the Levant.
Respuesta
-
Seljuk Turks
-
Abbasids
-
The Assassins
-
Fatimids
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and one of the greatest cities in the world.
Respuesta
-
Constantinople
-
Alexandria
-
Antioch
-
Niacea
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
The division between Eastern and Western Christians that had occurred in 1054.
Respuesta
-
Eastern v Western culture
-
The Great Schism
-
Anglicanism
-
Catholic v Protestant
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The Byzantine emperor after Romanos IV. He attempted to repair relations with the papacy in 1073 in order to gain military support.
Respuesta
-
Isaac I
-
John II
-
Michael VII
-
Alexios I
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
A Turkish cousin of Alp Arslan. He established an understanding with Alexios I and was used to manage threats from the other Turks in Anatolia until 1086.
Respuesta
-
Balak
-
Sulayman
-
Bursq
-
Zengi
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
A Turk who established a semi - interdependent hold over Smyrna in southern Anatolia in 1084. His fleet threatened the Byzantine islands in the Aegean.
Respuesta
-
Sulayman
-
Zengi
-
Caka
-
Nur ad - Din
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
A semi - nomadic people that invaded the northern European Byzantine territories. by 1090 they had conquered many of them and were an imminent threat to Constantinople.
Respuesta
-
The Assassins
-
Pechenegs
-
Byzantines
-
Turks
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The cunning Norman leader of Sicily until 1085. He was a sworn enemy of the Byzantines. He was an alley of Pope Gregory VII.
Respuesta
-
Tancred I
-
William III
-
Henry I
-
Robert Guiscard
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The battle in 1081 that was a decisive Norman victory over the Byzantines. The Normans overplayed their hand shortly after
Respuesta
-
Manzikert
-
Ramlah
-
Dorylaeum
-
Dyrrhacion
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
In this year the Normans staged a second invasion of Byzantium but Byzantine forces were able to defeat this.
Respuesta
-
1081
-
1079
-
1082
-
1084
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
At this battle in 1091 the Pechenegs were almost completely annihilated by the Byzantine forces and their Cuman allies.
Respuesta
-
Manzikert
-
Ramlah
-
Lebounion
-
Dyrrhacion
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
A new gold coinage established in 1092 that was 30% gold, 60% silver and 10% copper. It helped to reduce inflation.
Respuesta
-
Pound Sterling
-
Euro
-
Hyperpyron
-
Drachma
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The Patriarch of Constantinople appointed by Alexios I in 1084. He proved loyal to the agenda of the emperor.
Respuesta
-
Eustratius Garidas
-
Nicholas III Grammaticus
-
John IX Agapetus
-
Leo Styppeiotes
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The Byzantine general who took the throne in a military coup in 1081.
Respuesta
-
Alexios II Komnenos
-
Andronikos I Komnenos
-
Alexios I Komnenos
-
John II Komnenos
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
A group descended from the Vikings who had settled in Sicily and raided Byzantine territories.
Respuesta
-
Latins
-
Fatimids
-
Assassins
-
Normans
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
The pope that Alexius sent a letter to asking for military assistance against the Seljuk Turks.
Respuesta
-
Urban II
-
Alexander II
-
Stephen IX
-
Paschal II
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
The German (or Holy Roman) Emperor and King of Germany that was locked in dispute with the papacy over investiture.
Respuesta
-
Conrad II
-
Henry III
-
Frederick I
-
Henry IV
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
A dispute between the papacy and secular princes, especially Henry IV, over who appointed bishops.
Respuesta
-
Primogeniture
-
Investiture
-
Feudal & Social
-
Financial
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The allegedly ancient document that popes used to claim theoretical control over western Europe.
Respuesta
-
The Bible
-
Dead sea scrolls
-
Nicene Creed
-
Donation of Constantine
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The alpine fortress where Emperor Henry IV begged Pope Gregory VII for forgiveness for three days in the snow in 1077.
Respuesta
-
Alpine Wall
-
Hindenburg Wall
-
Canossa
-
Brimstone Hill Fortress
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
The spiritual power that the bishops of Rome claimed from St. Peter.
Respuesta
-
Jesuitism
-
Petrine Authority
-
Anglo Catholicism
-
Jacobean Authority
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
A document listing the powers that the papacy claimed over the church and secular princes.
Respuesta
-
Peace of God
-
Donation of Constantine
-
Truce of God
-
Dictatus Papae
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
The imperial appointee as archbishop of Milan in 1075. This infuriated Gregory VII and developed into the wider investiture controversy.
Respuesta
-
Taticius
-
Petrus
-
Otto
-
Tedald
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The year that the Roman synod was held that forbade lay investiture. Appointments using it were to be invalid and those involved excommunicated.
Respuesta
-
1078
-
1076
-
1071
-
1054
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
A rival or anti-pope to both Gregory VII and Urban II. His reign ran from 1080 - 1100. He was appointed and backed by Henry IV of Germany.
Respuesta
-
Benedict X
-
Honorius II
-
Sylvester IV
-
Clement III
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
A prominent and powerful supporter of Gregory VII who aided him against Henry IV. Her forces were part of the Milites Christi.
Respuesta
-
Beatrice
-
Bertha
-
Matilda
-
Mildred
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The so-called soldiers of God that were armed men who fought to advance the interests of the papacy both within Italy and against Muslims.
Respuesta
-
Soldiers of Peace
-
Milites Dei
-
Christ's Children
-
Milites Christi
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
The church council in March 1095 at which Alexios' letter was delivered to Urban II.
Respuesta
-
Piacenza
-
Clermont
-
Nabulas
-
Acre
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
The church council at Aurvergne in southern France in November 1095 where Urban II launched the First Crusade.
Respuesta
-
Clermont
-
Acre
-
Piacenza
-
Nabulas
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What were the five traditional centres of Christianity; each had a patriarch called collectively. Three were in Muslim hands.
Respuesta
-
Pentarchy
-
Constantinople
-
Antioch
-
Alexandria
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
The centre of Christian faith. Pilgrimage to it had been disrupted by the Seljuk invasion.
Respuesta
-
Constantinople
-
Alexandria
-
Antioch
-
Jerusalem
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
The tomb in which Jesus Christ had been buried. It was the holiest relic in the Christian faith.
Respuesta
-
Holy tomb
-
Grave site
-
Holy Sepulchre
-
Holy Burial site
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
An attempt to prohibit all fighting between Western Christians at certain times.
Respuesta
-
Peace of God
-
Just War Theory
-
Truce of God
-
Prohibited
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
An attempt to protect certain groups such as the church and poor peasants from violence.
Respuesta
-
Truce of God
-
Just War
-
Peace of God
-
Knightly Dilemma
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
The doctrine developed by St. Augustine that allowed for Christian violence in certain circumstances such as the reclamation of Christian lands.
Respuesta
-
Peace of God
-
Truce of God
-
Just War Theory
-
Knightly Dilemma
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
The place that the papacy was already seeking to encourage Christians to attack Muslim lands.
Respuesta
-
Portugal
-
Spain
-
England
-
France
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
The belief that saints acted as intercessors to God and that they existed in a hierarchy.
Respuesta
-
A lot of Saints
-
Intercessions
-
Hierarchy of Saints
-
Cult of Saints
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
This was a relic that was holy through proximity.
Respuesta
-
Cloth
-
Bodily relic
-
Money
-
Brandea
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
This was a relic that was literally a part of a saint. They were usually the focus of pilgrimage.
Respuesta
-
Brandea
-
Finger
-
Toe
-
Bodily relic
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
This was a desire to travel to holy places. The most important of which was Jerusalem.
Respuesta
-
Voyagers
-
Deeply religious people
-
Pilgrimage
-
Well travelled
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
An act to demonstrate that an individual was seeking forgiveness for their sins. This could include acts such as pilgrimage.
Respuesta
-
Forgiveness
-
Love
-
Penance
-
Prayer
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
A promise made to crusaders that their previous sins would be wiped clean if they took part.
Respuesta
-
Remittance of Sins
-
Forgiveness of sins
-
Repentance
-
Penance
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
This meant that Christians saw their actions as justified and holy rather than the sin of murder.
Respuesta
-
Just war theory
-
Sanctified Violence
-
Peace & Truce of God
-
Knightly dilemma
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
The clash between a knights role to kill and the fear of committing murder. It was solved by the promise of sanctified violence.
Respuesta
-
Signs and Wonders
-
Just War Theory
-
Sanctified Violence
-
Knightly Dilemma
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
These were natural phenomena that were ascribed to God giving direct instructions to undertake the crusade.
Respuesta
-
Signs and Wonders
-
Miracles
-
Preaching
-
Prayer
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
The centre of village life in western Europe. It oversaw birth, marriage and death it acted as the heart of the community.
Respuesta
-
A home
-
A Hospital
-
Shops
-
Parish Church
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
The one-tenth of a Christians income given to the church as an act of religious devotion.
Respuesta
-
Donation
-
Tithe
-
Flocks
-
Money
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
A crusader who seems to have been motivated mostly by sincere religious devotion as he was already very wealthy.
Respuesta
-
Count Emicho
-
Godfrey of Bouillon
-
Bishop Adhemar
-
Raymond of Toulouse
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
He was in a poor position in the Holy Roman Empire and was not well liked by Henry IV. He also seems to have been personally pious.
Respuesta
-
Bohemond of Taranto
-
Bishop Adhemar
-
Tancred
-
Godfrey of Bouillon
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
He was close to Urban II and was sent to represent him on the First Crusade.
Respuesta
-
Tedald
-
Taticius
-
Bishop Adhemar
-
Peter the Hermit
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
This force religiously motivated peasants and knights ignored Alexios' advice to wait for the princes and were massacred by the Turks.
Respuesta
-
1101 Crusade
-
1120 - 24 Crusade
-
People's Crusade
-
Norwegian Crusade
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
A charismatic preacher and leader of the People's crusade, he was religiously motivated.
Respuesta
-
Tedald
-
Raymond of Toulouse
-
Bishop Adhemar
-
Peter the Hermit
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
A German count who led his 'crusading' forces in a pogrom against the Jews of the Rhineland.
Respuesta
-
Godfrey of Bouillon
-
Raymond of Toulouse
-
Count Emicho
-
Peter the Hermit
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
A motivating factor regarding the potential to gain land that can best be seen in actions of Bohemond, Tancred and Baldwin.
Respuesta
-
Greed
-
Feudal Obligation
-
Social Obligation
-
Primogeniture
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
An increasingly common law that meant eldest sons inherited, leaving younger sons with little.
Respuesta
-
Primogeniture
-
Greed
-
Pilgrimage
-
Feudal & Social Obligation
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
The historian who argued that a knight would have had to raise five times his annul income. This would argue against greed as a motivator.
Respuesta
-
Jotischky
-
Asbridge
-
Oldenberg
-
J. Riley - Smith
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
The Norman Crusader who was hated by Alexios. He was well known for his bravery and skill in battle. He was looking for land and wealth.
Respuesta
-
Godfrey of Bouillon
-
Raymond of Toulouse
-
Bohemond of Taranto
-
Tancred
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Bohemond's nephew. He was also seeking lands and fortune and the crusade solved his knightly dilemma.
Respuesta
-
Baldwin I
-
Raymond of Toulouse
-
Tancred
-
Josecelin I
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
The younger brother of Godfrey who travelled with him. He had left the church to be a knight and was seeking a fortune in the east.
Respuesta
-
Raymond of Toulouse
-
Bohemond of Taranto
-
Tancred
-
Baldwin of Boulogne
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
This had affected Europe for several years inflicting great hardship on peasants. It might have encouraged him to leave for the holy land.
Respuesta
-
Water shortage
-
Famine
-
Money
-
Food
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
A motivating factor exploited by Urban II in his specific appeal to senior European nobles. It might have encouraged them to leave for the holy land.
Respuesta
-
Social Obligation
-
Feudal Ties
-
Greed
-
Primogeniture
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
This social tie played an important role for facilitating the participation for many of the crusader leaders including Baldwin and Tancred.
Respuesta
-
Feudal Ties
-
Kinship
-
Greed
-
Primogeniture
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
An able warrior but a poor administrator. He saw the crusade as an opportunity to resurrect his reputation.
Respuesta
-
Godfrey of Bouillon
-
Baldwin of Boulogne
-
Stephen of Blois
-
Robert of Normandy
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
A crusader who was motivated by social pressure from his wife and by the presence of his kin on the crusade.
Respuesta
-
Robert, Duke of Normandy
-
Stephen of Blois
-
Godfrey of Bouillon
-
Robert of Flanders
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
His family had a long standing connections and friendship with the Byzantine emperors and a history of pilgrimages to Jerusalem.
Respuesta
-
Walter sans - Avoir
-
Godfrey of Bouillon
-
Stephen of Blois
-
Robert of Flanders
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
A knight and lieutenant of Peter the Hermit. His forces plundered Byzantine territory on the way to Constantinople.
Respuesta
-
Stephen of Blois
-
Robert of Flanders
-
Count Emicho
-
Walter Sans - Avoir
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
A German city and site of an anti - Semitic pogrom in the summer of 1096 by Count Emicho.
Respuesta
-
Anhalt
-
Mainz
-
Brandenburg
-
Berlin
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
The incorrect belief that Jews murdered and sacrificed Christian children. They were also blamed for the murder of Jesus.
Respuesta
-
The Jews did it
-
Anti - Semitism
-
Blood libel
-
I have no idea
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
The place where Emicho's army was destroyed.
Respuesta
-
Spain
-
Hungary
-
England
-
America
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
The site of intrigue between Alexius and the crusader leaders. They were forced to take an oath to him.
Respuesta
-
Antioch
-
Niacea
-
Alexandria
-
Constantinople
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
The Turkish sultan of Rum. His Seljuk forces were defeated at Nicea and again at Dorylaeum.
Respuesta
-
Malik Shah
-
Giyath al-Din Kaykhusraw I
-
Suleiman ibn Qutulmish
-
Kilij Arslan I
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
A rival Turkish Dynasty that Kilij Arslan was at war with Anatolia. This benefited the crusade.
Respuesta
-
Sultanate of Rum
-
The Assassins
-
Danishmends
-
Fatimids
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
The first target of the Crusade. This city surrendered to the Byzantines and the crusaders felt betrayed.
Respuesta
-
Niacea
-
Antioch
-
Jerusalem
-
Constantinople
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
Alexios' general and representative. He served as a guide/diplomat in Anatolia and led a small force with the crusade to Antioch.
Respuesta
-
Tedald
-
Count Emicho
-
Walter sans - Avoir
-
Taticius
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
This site of a major battle and victory for the crusaders in Antioch in July 1097. It demonstrated Bohemond's skill.
Respuesta
-
Dorylaeum
-
Ramlah
-
Inab
-
Harran
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
The extreme heat made this part of the journey very hazardous and many men were lost.
Respuesta
-
Mainz
-
Niacea
-
Anatolia
-
Cicilia
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
Tancred and Baldwin travelled here and virtually fought each other for control of its cities.
Respuesta
-
Antioch
-
Niacea
-
Jerusalem
-
Cilicia
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
The crusade benefited from supplies from the Byzantine territory during the siege of Antioch.
Respuesta
-
France
-
Algeria
-
Cyprus
-
Japan
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
The siege of this city took ten months and almost destroyed the crusade. It was finally given to Bohemond causing Byzantine fury and the end of Alexios' support for the First Crusade.
Respuesta
-
Niacea
-
Jerusalem
-
Tripoli
-
Antioch
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
These brothers and rulers of Aleppo and Damascus failed to untie against the crusafers and attacked separately whilst the crusaders besieged Antioch.
Respuesta
-
Nizar & Musta‘li
-
Ridwan & Duqaq
-
Richard & Henry
-
Edward & David
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
The ruler of Mosul. He led a combined Muslim force to Antioch. It was defeated partly through internal disunity and ill- treatment of his men.
Respuesta
-
Nasir al-Dawla
-
Muhammad ibn Musayyib
-
Za'im al-Dawla Baraka
-
Kerbogha
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
A convert to Islam who betrayed the garrison at Antioch after making a secret deal with Bohemond.
Respuesta
-
Nizar
-
Firuz
-
Ridwan
-
Duqaq
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
These Shia Muslims attempted to from an alliance with the crusaders against the Seljuks.
Respuesta
-
Seljuk Turks
-
Abbassids
-
Fatimids
-
The Assassins
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
The construction and co-ordinated use of these demonstrated military skill and was vital to the capture of Jerusalem.
Respuesta
-
Catapults
-
Siege Engines
-
Weapons
-
Artillery
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
This so called relic was found in Antioch and played a massive role in raising crusader morale.
Respuesta
-
The Holy Lance
-
St Andrews Cross
-
A piece of the True Cross
-
The Holy Grail
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
The vizier and chief advisor of Malik Shah. His death shortly before his master's in 1092 crippled the Seljuk empire.
Respuesta
-
Nizam al- Mulk
-
Badr al - Jamali
-
al- Muqtadi
-
Musta 'il and Nizar
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
The powerful Shia Fatimid caliph who death in 1094 was a major blow.
Respuesta
-
Musta 'il and Nizar
-
Nizam al- Mulk
-
al- Mustansir
-
Badr al - Jamali
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
The religious conviction of these people carried the crusade forward the leaders were divided at Antioch and Maarat.
Respuesta
-
The people's crusade
-
Pilgrims
-
Soldiers
-
Ordinary Crusaders
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
The capable Fatimid vizier who died very shortly after his master in 1094.
Respuesta
-
al- Mustansir
-
al - Muqtadi
-
Badr al - Jamali
-
Musta 'il and Nizar
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
The sons of al- Mustansir who fought for the Fatimid throne after their father's death.
Respuesta
-
Ridwan and Duqaq
-
Musta 'il and Nizar
-
Lot and Abraham
-
David and Goliath
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
The Abbassid Sunni caliph of Baghdad who died in 1094.
Respuesta
-
al- Mustansir
-
al - Muqtadi
-
Badr al - Jamali
-
Musta 'il and Nizar
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