Test
Personality & Individual Differences Weeks 7-12
Preguntas del test (102)
1Tom and Sally have been dating for two years. Sally breaks up with Tom because he cheated on her with Betty. Sally tells her friend Kelly about Tom, but she tells her without showing any emotion. Tom continues to call Sally and treat her as he did when they were going out. Betty, who did not know about Sally, tells Tom that she is glad that he feels guilty for hurting Sally. She also tells him that it will take a long time to get over the guilt.
Betty is using ___________ as a defense mechanism.- Arepression
- Bdenial
- Cprojection
- Disolation
2Which psychosexual stage of development did Freud view as different from the others because an individual does not simply experience it but must achieve it?
- AGenital
- Banal
- Cphallic
- Doral
3What is the result of psychic conflict; that is, the conflict between desires, morals, and possibilities?
- Aconfusion
- Bdepression
- Cself-actualisation
- Danxiety
4According to Freud, what was the consequence of the physical inability of women to overcome penis envy and the reason their personality would never fully develop?
- ATheir ego could never develop
- BTheir superego could never develop
- CTheir Id could never fully develop
- Dall of the above
5Bobby is thirsty and wants his mother to get him a drink. He waits until she has finished talking to her friend and then asks ‘Mummy, please can I have a drink of water?’ His mother then fetches him a cup of water. Bobby’s behaviour represents...
- Aan undeveloped id
- Ban undeveloped ego
- Ca fully developed id
- Da fully developed ego
6An extreme childhood experience during the ______ stage could result in the kind of personality that aggressively refuses help from others, even in the midst of failure, or one that exerts no agency over fulfilling its own needs.
- Agenital
- Banal
- Cphallic
- Doral
7The process that Freud referred to as identification, involving the realization that the sexes differ, is an important psychological milestone connected with what stage of development?
- Agenital
- Banal
- Cphallic
- Doral
8A toddler in a supermarket is having a tantrum because his mother says he cannot have the chocolate bar he is asking for. In Freudian terms he is behaving this way because…
- Ahe is expressing a strong Superegeo
- Bhis Ego is being denied
- Chis Id instincts are being denied
- Dhe has an electra complex
9I really want to buy a brand new leather sofa, but it costs £3000 and I don’t have the money. My inner ‘child’ or Id is saying ‘buy it, buy it, buy it’, but there is another element of my psyche telling me I shouldn’t buy it because I can’t afford it and that I should save up. According to Freud’s structure of the mind what is this element called?
- Asuper id
- Bsuper ego
- Cego
- Dself control
10
Tom and Sally have been dating for two years. Sally breaks up with Tom because he cheated on her with Betty. Sally tells her friend Kelly about Tom, but she tells her without showing any emotion. Tom continues to call Sally and treat her as he did when they were going out. Betty, who did not know about Sally, tells Tom that she is glad that he feels guilty for hurting Sally. She also tells him that it will take a long time to get over the guilt.
Sally is using ___________ as a defense mechanism- Aprojection
- Brepression
- Cdenial
- Disolation
11Karen Horney called parental mistreatment _______, as she believed that parental behavior that does not meet the child's fundamental need for safety was highly damaging.
- Aabuse
- Bbasic evil
- Cthanatos
- Deros
12 According to Adler, ________ is the "sole criterion of human values"
- Aproductive work
- Bsocial interest
- Cself-interest
- Dreligion
13Karen Horney postulated all of the following character patterns except
- AMoving away from people, characterized by social avoidance, withdrawal, and need for independence.
- BMoving with people, characterized by compliance, submissive behavior, and a need for acceptance.
- CMoving toward people, characterized by compliance, submissive behavior, and a need for love.
- DMoving against people, characterized by arrogance, hostility, and a need for power.
14Which personality descriptions is Carl Jung most associated with
- Aoral and anal fixations
- Bmarketing and exploitative personality types
- Csuperiority and inferiority complexes
- Dintroversion and extroversion
15According to Adler, the one dynamic force behind a person's activity is
- Athe striving for success or superiority
- Borgan inferiorities
- Corgan dialect
- Dfeelings of superiority
16what word did Karen Horney use to describe abnormal needs such as social recognition, power, affection and approval?
- Asocial
- Bneurotic
- Cpsychotic
- Dcultural
17In Karen Horney’s model of the development of the personality and the neurotic personality, which of the following statements is true?
- AIn the normal individual the true self and the real self are closely aligned
- Bin the neurotic individual the idealised self and the neurotic self are closely aligned
- CIn the normal individual the idealised self and the real self are very different
- DIn the neurotic individual the idealised self and the real self are very different
18Jung believed that all people share certain memories and ideas as a result of our shared history. This idea is known as:
- AThe anima and animus duality
- Bthe archetype
- Cthe collective unconscious
- Dthe persona
19According to Adler, which of the following is NOT one of the primary goals of children's misbehaviour?
- Aattention
- Brevenge
- Cpower
- Daffection
20Which factor did Horney place less emphasis on in her approach?
- Aprimal instincts
- Bbiological instincts
- Ccultural instincts
- Dsocial instincts
21Rogers believed that in the psychologically healthy individual
- Athe self and experience are congruent
- Bdenial of organismic functioning is essential
- Cthe ideal self replaces the real self
- Dan incongruence exists between the ideal self and the organismic self
22Rogers believed that each person has a natural tendency towards growth and...
- Aself-centredness
- Bself-awareness
- Cself-actualisation
- Dself-acceptance
23A characteristic feature of the fully functioning person is:
1. congruence of the self and one's experiences.
2. conditions of worth.
3. trusting of his or her own judgment.- A1
- B2
- C1 and 2
- D1 and 3
24The purpose of _________ is to help individuals meet the fundamental desire for continued personal growth and self-enhancement.
- Ainner directiveness
- Bcognitive centering
- Cself actualisation
- Dmental discipline
25Many victims of hurricane Katrina were left without their homes, food, and water--basic necessities for living. Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which motives were activated for these individuals?
- Asecurity
- Bself-actualisation
- CPhysiological
- Dbelongingness
26What is the correct order (starting with the most basic) of Maslow’s hierarchy needs?
- ABelongingness and love; safety; physiological; esteem
- BPhysiological; safety; belongingness and love; esteem
- Csafety; belongingness and love; esteem; physiological
- DBelongingness and love; physiological; safety ; esteem
27In his theory of motivation, Maslow assumed that:
- Apeople in different cultures have different basic needs
- Bmotivation is nearly always conscious
- Cpeople are motivated by one need at a time
- Dpeople are continually motivated by one need or another
28What, according to Rogers is the cause of all psychological problems?
- Afaulty learning
- Bemotional disturbances
- Cimpairments in our self-awareness
- Dblocks in our actualising tendency
29If you feel that other people value you only if you are smart, successful, attractive, or good, according to Rogers, you will develop_______.
- AUnconditional positive regard
- BConditions of worth
- CPsychotherapy
- DNeuroticism
30According to Maslow, some needs grow stronger when unsatisfied. Maslow called these...
- Abeing needs
- Bdeficiency needs
- Cgrowth needs
- Dprimary needs
31Costa and McCrae used the well-known NEO-PI-R to measure their five factors of personality. The acronym used to remember the ‘Big Five’ is O.C.E.A.N, where N stands for Neuroticism and E stands for Extraversion, but what do the other letters stand for?
- AOccupation, Concern and Approach
- BOpenness, Conscientiousness and Agreeableness
- COrder, Compliance and Agreeableness
- DOriginality, Caring and Assertiveness
32which is the odd one out?
- Alow self esteem
- Bimpulsive
- Cimpersonal
- Dcreative
33Which of these is not a five factor (Costa and McCrae)
- AExtraversion
- BPsychoticism
- CNeuroticism
- DAgreeableness
34In the story, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the dwarfs names (sleepy, dopey, grumpy etc) represent which of Allport’s Traits?
- Acentral
- Bsecondary
- Cprimary
- Dcardinal
35Cattell and Eysenck identify traits through the use of
- Atwin studies
- Bfactor analysis
- Cintuition
- Dability tests
36Raymond Cattell's measurement of personality instrument was called the ____________.
- A18PF
- B16PF
- C26PF
- D14PF
37which of the following helps define the term personality?
- Acharacteristics that are typical for a person
- Bcharacteristics that make a person unique
- Cacting, thinking and feeling
- Dall of the above
38According to Eysenck, extroverts are
- Anaturally underaroused
- Bstimulus hungry
- Capproaching
- Dall of the above
39According to Hans Eysenck, impulsive thrill seekers would be called
- Aneurotics
- Bpsychotics
- Cextreme extroverts
- Dschizoprenics
40What do Eysenck's three supertraits measure?
- Aintelligence, neuroticism, psychoticism
- Bsociability, intelligence, psychoticism
- Cextraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism
- Dintelligence, extraversion, neuroticism
41The theories of Cattell and Eysenck rate
- Ahigh on biological determinants of personality
- Bhigh on teleology
- Clow on their ability to generate research
- Dhigh on free will versus determinism
42which of the following helps define the term personality?
- Acharacteristics that are typical for a person
- Bcharacteristics that make a person unique
- Cacting, thinking and feeling
- Dall of the above
43Allport calls the traits that organise and influence most of our behaviour
- Acardinal traits
- Bcentral traits
- Csecondary traits
- Dsource traits
44According to Hans Eysenck, impulsive thrill seekers would be called
- ANeurotics
- Bpsychotics
- Cextreme extroverts
- DSchizophrenics
45talkative vs quiet; frank or open vs secretive; adventurous vs cautious; sociable vs reclusive - these traits describe which dimension personality?
- Aagreeableness
- Bconscientiousness
- Cemotional stability
- Dextraversion
46What labels are assigned to the levels that form the hierarchy in Eysenck's PEN model?
- Aspecific behavioural responses, habitual responses, traits, supertraits
- BL-Data, Q-Data, T-Data
- CCardinal traits, central traits, secondary traits
- Dinterpersonal traits, temperamental traits, character traits, material traits, mental traits, physical traits
47"Funny, caring, 40-year old males, loves gardening. Seeks slim, honest, reliable female. Must enjoy Opera"
In the above 'lonely hearts' advertisement, according to Allport's trait theory, which of the following is true?- AOnly primary traits are presented
- Bno secondary traits are presented
- Cno cardinal traits are presented
- Dcardinal, primary and secondary traits are presented
48Judith is angry that her husband is going to be late home from work again and hadn’t called to let her know first. During dinner she snaps at her children for their poor table manners and sends them all to bed without pudding. According to Freud, which defence mechanism is she employing?
- Asublimation
- BRepression
- Cdisplacement
- Dregression
49Ideas about the id pertain to _______, the ego to ______, and the superego to _______.
- AThe unconscious mind;the conscious mind; the rational mind
- BThe irrational part of the mind; the rational part of the mind; the moral part of the mind
- CImpulses; impulse control; morality
- DDreams and the imagination; morality; rational thought
50During which stage of a child’s psychic development does she try to understand how much authority her parents have and how much she herself controls?
- Aoral
- Bphallic
- Canal
- Dgenital
51
Asif is a hoarder. He has kept every copy of the NME that he has ever bought and has these arranged in chronological order in files on his bookshelf and refuses to throw them away. According to Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, this behaviour represents which personality type?- AOral retentive
- BAnal retentive
- COral aggressive
- DAnal expulsive
52
According to Freud, _______ is the defence mechanism that involves reverting to immature behaviours that have relieved anxiety in the past- Aregression
- Brationalisation
- Cprojection
- Ddisplacement
53Clare foolishly believes Tom when he tells her that the chewing gum she just swallowed will take seven years to digest.
- AClare has developed an oral receptive character because she was overindulged at the oral stage of development
- BClare has an oral aggressive character because she was under-indulged at the oral stage of development
- CClare has an anal retentive character because she resisted her parents’ demands at the anal stage of development
- DClare has an anal-expulsive personality because she complied with her parents’ demands at the anal stage of development
54Karen Horney believed that neurotic needs develop in
- Achildhood
- Binfancy
- Cadolescence
- Dadulthood
55Many neo-Freudians gave which part of the psyche a greater role in personality development than Freud did?
- Aconscious
- Bid
- Cego
- Dsuperego
56In Karen Horney’s model of the development of the personality and the neurotic personality, which of the following statements is true?
- AIn the normal individual the true self and the real self are closely aligned
- Bin the neurotic individual the idealised self and the neurotic self are closely aligned
- CIn the normal individual the idealised self and the real self are very different
- DIn the neurotic individual the idealised self and the real self are very different
57Compared with Freud, Adler
- Ahad a more positive view towards women
- Bplaced more emphasis on aggression
- Crelied more on dream interpretation in psychoanalysis
- Dwas more likely to use hypnosis to treat patients
58Which aspect of the family did Adler believe may play a significant role in personality development?
- Aage of parents when child was first born
- Bgender of siblings
- Cbirth order
- Dsize of extended family
59Most neo-Freudians differ from Freud in three respects. Which of the answers below is NOT one of these ways?
- ANeo-Freudians emphasize conscious rather than unconscious thought.
- BNeo-Freudians view sex as less important than Freud did
- CNeo-Freudians put less emphasis on individual introspection and more emphasis on acquiring experimental data as a source of psychological theory.
- DNeo-Freudians inject a focus on interpersonal relationships as a source of psychological differences
60One of the most useful Jungian ideas is his classification of the four basic ways of thinking. __________ establishes what is actually present, ___________ enables us to recognize its meaning, _______ tells us its value, and _________ points to possibilities as to whence it came and whither it is going in a given situation.
- ASensation; feeling; rational thinking; intuition
- BFeeling; rational thinking; sensation; intuition
- CSensation; rational thinking; feeling; intuition
- DIntuition; rational thinking ; feeling; sensation
61For years, the U.S. Army ran an advertising campaign with the tagline, “Be all you can be.” To which of Maslow's needs is this appealing?
- Asafety
- Bself-actualisation
- Cphysiological
- Desteem
62Jane lives on her own, but on her way home from work every day she stops off at the gym to work out for an hour and then stops off at her favourite café for a cup of green tea before going home. This routine is an example of which of Maslow's need levels? ________ needs
- Abelongingness
- Bsafety
- Cphysical
- Dbiosocial
63According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which is the first step that must be taken to ensure, for example, a fresher student’s productivity?
- AShe must make friends so that she has the feeling of being part of a community
- BShe must be allowed the freedom to express her ideas
- CShe must find somewhere suitable to live
- DShe must learn the rules of social conduct in her new cultural context
64Which Humanist's ideas developed from clinical experiences?
- Acattell
- Bmaslow
- Crogers
- Dallport
65Rogers believed that all behaviour relates to one's
- Aenhancement needs
- Bideal self
- Csafety needs
- Dactualising tendency
66In his theory of motivation, Maslow assumed that:
- Apeople in different cultures have different basic needs
- Bmotivation is nearly always conscious
- Cpeople are motivated by one need at a time
- Dpeople are continually motivated by one need or another
67In his theory of motivation, Maslow assumed that:
- Apeople in different cultures have different basic needs
- Bmotivation is nearly always conscious
- Cpeople are motivated by one need at a time
- Dpeople are continually motivated by one need or another
68Formal personality assessment is not uncommon in work psychology and the personality measures used must satisfy psychometric criteria to be acceptable. Which of the following is not one of these criteria?
- ADoes not create adverse impact
- Breliability
- Cvalidity
- DCan be completed electronically for ease of standardisation
69The most widely used and extensively researched objective personality test is the ____________
- A16PF
- BTAT
- CMMPI-2
- DEPQ
70Some people like looking at clouds and figuring out what the shapes remind them of. This is similar to which psychological test?
- AMMPI-2
- BSLR-90
- CRorschach test
- DThematic apperception test
71The NEO-PI-R was developed to assess
- Athe big 5
- Bintelligence
- Ceysenck's three factor theory
- Dallport's traits
72What is Rorschach’s test designed to measure?
- Aunconscious intentions
- Bbrain size
- Cdreams
- Dconscious desires
73A difference between objective and projective methods of assessment is that projective methods are
- Amore artistic and less verbal in nature
- Bof value with test takers regardless of culture
- Cindirect methods of personality assessment
- Dall of the above
74Shaun is taking a personality test in which he is shown a series of simple scenes. He is supposed to tell a story about what is happening in each scene and to suggest what the characters are feeling. The test Shaun is taking is the
- AThematic Apperception Test
- BMinnesota Multiple Personality Inventory
- CDraw a man test
- DNeuroticism Extroversion Openess Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R)
75One advantage of the projective personality test is that they
- Aare easy to administer and grade by a computer
- Bhave higher validity than self-report tests
- Callow respondents more freedom for self-expression
- Dpermit broader interpretations by the clinician
76Individual differences form an integral part of work psychology. Which of the following are relevant for job performance?
- Apersonality variables
- Bemotional intelligence
- Ccognitive abilities
- Dall of the above
77How are the Five Factor traits measured?
- AThrough adjective and questionnaire statement methods
- Bthrough galvanic skin response measurements
- Cthrough fMRI measurements
- Dthrough interviews
78In the context of Rorschach scoring, which does not belong?
- Apopularity
- Bform
- Cconcepts
- Ddeterminants
79Which kind of validity or reliability does not match the description that follows it?
- Are-test reliability: people get similar scores when they do a test on different occasions.
- Bdiscriminant validity: a test of one personality characteristic does not correlate with tests that measure different characteristics.
- Cconvergent validity: people get similar scores on a test when different people administer it to them.
- Dinternal consistency: the items in the test all correlate with one another
80In clinical practice, a TAT examiner administers
- Aat least three cards
- Bten cards
- Ctwenty cards
- Das many cards as he or she cares to administer
81The MMPI-2 and the NEO-PI-R are examples of
- Asubjective tests
- Bprojective tests
- Cobjective tests
- Dclinical interviews
82The MMPI measures which of the following?
- Amood
- Bphysical concerns
- Csocial attitudes
- Dall of the above
83Which of the following does NOT occur during the free association phase of the Rorschach inkblot test?
- Athe tester and the client sit next to each other at a table
- BThe tester asks the client where in each inkblot s/he saw each image
- CThe client is asked to list at least two things that each inkblot calls to mind.
- DThe tester makes a verbatim record of the client's responses.
84The items in a personality test correlate strongly with one each other. Which kind of reliability or validity does this imply?
- Aconvergent validity
- Bcontent validity
- Cinternal consistency
- Dretest reliability
85which of the following is an accurate criticisms of projective tests of personality?
- AThey have poor inter-rater reliability, but they show high validity
- BThey require too many inferences on the part of the examiner and do no show high validity
- Ctheir validity is too high
- Dthey prevent subjects from expressing themselves freely
86Narcissistic personality disorder is also closely associated with antisocial personality disorder (APD). Which of the following is NOT a way in narcissistic individuals will regularly act:
- Aself-motivated
- Bdeceitful
- Caggressive
- Dwithdrawn
87Which cluster of Axis II of the DSM do 'dramatic, emotional or erratic' disorders belong in?
- AA
- BB
- CC
- DD
88Which of the following is NOT a DSM criterion for schizoid personality disorder?
- ANeither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family
- BAlmost always chooses solitary activities
- CHas recurrent suspicions, without justification, regarding fidelity of spouse or sexual partner
- DShows emotional coldness, detachment, or flattened affectivity
89Katie Price is on her third marriage in her quest to find ideal love. When Katie Price demonstrates patterns of attention seeking and the excessive need for admiration from others, a Psychologist could be forgiven for thinking she may be suffering from …
- AParanoid personality disorder
- BHistrionic personality disorder
- CNarcissistic personality disorder
- DAnti-social personality disorder
90Which of the following are considered to be the main features of avoidant personality disorder?
- Apersistent social inhibition
- Bfeelings of inadequacy
- Chypersensitivity to negative evaluation
- Dall of the above
91An Individual with Dependent Personality Disorder will NOT exhibit which of the following?
- Aaggressive behaviour
- Bsubmissive and clinging behaviour
- Chave great difficulties making everyday decisions
- Dpassive behaviour
92An Individual with a schizotypal personality disorder will usually exhibit which of the following characteristics?
- Aeccentric behaviour marked by odd patterns of thinking and communication
- Bdiscomfort with close personal relationships
- Coften exhibit unusual ideas of reference
- Dall of the above
93Which of the following statements about personality disorders is true?
- ABy definition, personality disorders must be present continuously since childhood.
- BThe majority of people diagnosed with one personality disorder meet the diagnostic criteria for at least one other personality disorder.
- CSince personality disorders are treated differently than acute disorders, medical conditions or life stressors by the DSM-IV, they are placed on Axis III
- DBecause they are more debilitating, people with personality disorders seek treatment more often than people with acute disorders
94Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuals with paranoid personality disorder
- Aavoidance of close relationships
- Bavoidance of public spaces
- Care often spontaneously aggressive towards others
- Doften feel that they have been deeply and irreversibly betrayed by others
95People with avoidant personality disorder…
- Adon't want to have social relationships
- Bwish they had more social relationships
- Cfeel over stimulated because they have too many social obligations
- Ddo not suffer from poor social skills
96Personality disorders are an enduring patterns of behaviour that persist from childhood into adulthood and because of this fact, one of the best predictors of APD in adulthood is a diagnosis of
- Aconduct disorder
- Bchildhood anxiety
- Cattachment disorder
- Dattention deficit disorder
97In the film ‘Girl Interrupted’, Winona Rider plays Susanna Keysen who is admitted to a Psychiatric hospital after a nervous breakdown. The assumption that she tried to commit suicide via an overdose, together with her significant distress when her friend Lisa Rowe (played by Angelina Jolie) leaves the hospital could be taken as signs of which personality disorder?
- AAvoidant personality disorder
- BAnti-social personality disorder
- CBorderline personality disorder
- DSchizoid personality disorder
98The apparent lack of empathy and the tendency to exploit others for self-benefit, has lead psychologists to compare narcissistic personality disorder with which one of the following?
- AHistrionic Personality Disorder
- BAntisocial Personality Disorder
- CParanoid Personality Disorder
- DSchizotypal
99The term ‘Sociopath’ or ‘Psychopath’ is sometimes used to describe which type of personality disorder?
- AParanoid personality disorder
- BAnti-social personality disorder
- CHistrionic personality disorder
- DSchizotypal personality disorder
100Which of the following is false about antisocial personality disorder?
- APeople with antisocial personality disorder are more likely to have low levels of education.
- BThe tendency to engage in anti-social behaviours tends to begin in childhood and is one of the most stable characteristics.
- CPeople with antisocial personality disorder have trouble inhibiting impulsive behaviours
- DPeople with antisocial personality disorder have high levels of arousability, which leads them to avoid stimulation through impulsive and dangerous acts and to experience punishment as less severe.
101People with _____ personality disorder seem to have no need for social relationships.
- Aschiziod
- Bborderline
- Chistrionic
- Dobsessive compulsive
102Which of the following are not symptoms of borderline personality disorder?
- ADifficulty making and maintaining relationships
- BRisk taking, or doing things without thinking of potential consequences
- Ca fear of being abandoned or rejected
- DEmotions which are consistent and stable
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Personality & Individual Differences Weeks 7-12 , creado por Karis Allen el 09/01/2017.
- Autor
- Karis Allen
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 210
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
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