Test
Behavioural 3&4
Preguntas del test (40)
1A cumulative record shows the pattern of responding __________ sessions.
- Aacross
- Bwithin
- Coutside
2Under a fixed-time schedule, reinforcers are delivered _________________ behaviour..
- AIrrespective of
- BContingent on
- CAfter a
3____________ schedule is an example of a complex schedule of reinforcement.
- ATandem
- BFeedback
- CVariable interval
4The pattern of responding under a fixed-ratio schedule involves a post-reinforcement pause and a series of reinforcers; a pattern which is called ______________.
- Apause-and-respond
- Bscallop
- Cbreak-and-run
5A ratio schedule requires a specified number of ____________ since the last reinforcer for the next reinforcer to be obtained.
- Astimuli
- Bseconds
- Cresponses
6Schedule thinning often involves moving from a continuous schedule of reinforcement to an ______________ schedule of reinforcement.
- Aintermittent
- Bindependent
- Cindirect
7Sometimes, humans are less sensitive to schedules than animals because of instructional control. Instructional control describes how _____________ interferes with the schedule.
- AStimulus control
- BVerbal behaviour
- CMotivating operations
8One of the limitations of the research on schedules is that a large proportion of it has been conducted using _______________________.
- Apositive reinforcement
- Bpunishment
- Cnegative reinforcement
9Grow et al. (2010) interspersed periods of staff availability with unavailability to put excessive social behaviours of a man with intellectual disabilities under stimulus control. The two schedules (availability and unavailability) were a multiple schedule because they ____________________________________________.
- Awere simultaneous and had discriminative stimuli
- Bwere successive and had discriminative stimuli
- Cwere simultaneous and had no discriminative stimuli
10Saunders et al. (2005) showed that showing their participants how pieces of paper they had to shred to earn reinforcers under a fixed ratio schedule made the schedule more effective. This is an example of a ______________________.
- Apost-reinforcement pause
- Bfixed time schedule
- Cdiscriminative stimulus
11A schedule is defined as:
- AA rule that describes a contingency.
- BA type of reinforcer specific to that individual.
- CA visual system used to help children with autism manage transitions.
- DReinforcing every instance of behaviour.
12Describe what is happening to behaviour on the following cumulative record.
- ANo responses over time.
- BThe learner is responding more frequently over time.
- CThe learner is responding at the same frequency over time.
- DThe learner has responded once and then has not responded since.
13Which of the following schedules are intermittent?
- Avariable interval and fixed interval
- BCRF
- Cvariable ratio and fixed ratio
- DA and C
14This graph is an example of responding under which schedule of reinforcement?
- Avariable interval
- Bfixed ratio
- CCRF
- Dfixed interval
15A loyalty card at the military surplus store gives you free night vision goggles after you’ve bought 10 items. This is an example of:
- Aa fixed interval schedule
- Ba variable interval schedule
- Ca fixed ratio schedule
- Da variable ratio schedule
16You go door-to-door in an abandoned town looking for survivors and find one every few doors but not regularly. This is an example of:
- Aa fixed interval schedule
- Ba variable interval schedule
- Ca fixed ratio schedule
- Da variable ratio schedule
17A multiple schedule is when two or more simple schedules:
- Aoperate in succession with discriminative stimuli
- Boperate at the same time with discriminative stimuli
- Coperate in succession without discriminative stimuli
- Doperate at the same time without discriminative stimuli
18Every week at the same time, the military drop a package of supplies at the base, irrespective of the operations on the base. This is an example of:
- Aa fixed interval schedule
- Ba fixed time schedule
- Ca variable time schedule
- Da variable interval schedule
19Which of these is not a reason to measure simple schedules in our attempts to rehabilitate the infected?
- ATo choose a maintainable schedule of reinforcement for alternative behaviours we’re going to teach.
- BA measure antecedents to behaviour we will decrease.
- CTo choose a schedule of reinforcement that will be powerful for alternative behaviours we’re going to teach.
- DFor baseline (pre-rehabilitation) measures of behaviour and what is currently reinforcing behaviour.
20We keep the radio on and listen for updates from other bases. Occasionally we hear a transmission and receive information. This is:
- Aa fixed interval schedule
- Ba fixed ratio schedule
- Ca variable ratio schedule
- Da variable interval schedule
21Reinforcement available for responding outside of schedules in the matching law (Re) is called _______________________.
- AExternalising reinforcement
- B Extraneous reinforcement
- CExperimental reinforcement
22In a concurrent schedule, two or more schedules are available at the same time, and they are _________________.
- Adependent
- Binterdependent
- Cindependent
23Matching law analyses usually use ______ schedules as they produce a high, stable rate of responding.
- AVR
- BFI
- CVI
24_____________ response effort on an alternative will result in an increase in responding on that alternative.
- ADecreasing
- BIncreasing
- CNot changing
25In Herrnstein's (1971) matching law equation, B and R represent _________________________________________ respectively.
- Abehaviour emitted and reinforcers available
- B behaviour emitted and reinforcers obtained
- Cbehaviour obtained and reinforcers available
26The allocation of responses to alternatives in a matching analysis is the _____________ response ratio.
- Aindependent
- Babsolute
- Crelative
27Applied situations can often be analysed as ____________________________.
- Aconcurrent reinforcement schedules
- Bnonconcurrent reinforcement schedules
- Cmixed reinforcement schedule
28The opportunity to choose is effective for increasing appropriate behaviour, however it is difficult to tell whether this is because of the reinforcing effects of making a choice, or that making a choice provided access to more reinforcing outcomes. This is called the ________________________.
- Achoosing effect
- Breinforcing effect
- C differential outcomes effect
29Borrero et al. (2007) showed that social interactions were aimed at people in a conversation based on how much reinforcement they provided for interactions (i.e., matching). This finding could be used in a classroom by providing a _____________________ for children who call out too often and the opposite for children who do not participate enough.
- Adenser schedule
- Bleaner schedule
- Cconcurrent schedule
30The opportunity to choose tasks, rather than being assigned tasks, might alter the value of escape (i.e., could be a / an __________________________ for escape as a reinforcer).
- Aestablishing operation
- B abolishing operation
- Cconcurrent schedule
31How do behaviour analysts measure choice?
- AUsing Maslow’s theory of motivation
- BUsing concurrent schedules of reinforcement
- CUsing consecutive schedules of reinforcement
- DNone of the above, behaviour analysts do not believe choice exists
32Using the matching law, describe how an Infected’s behaviour would be distributed over the following two buttons: red button with a VI30s or blue button with a VI20s.
- ATheir responding would be distributed equally between the two buttons.
- BThey would press the red button more than the blue button.
- CThey would press the blue button more than the red button.
- DThey would only press the red button.
33Which of the following is an example of responding under the matching law?
- ADuring screening, you follow every order from the lieutenants to avoid being punished.
- BAn Infected spends more time searching for food inside a shopping centre where there are humans hiding than in the car park where there are fewer humans.
- CA civilian refuses vaccination against the virus.
- DEvery time you hear the air siren, you hide and stay still, but when you hear the fire alarm, you walk out of the building.
34Which of the following ALL affect matching?
- AMagnitude, delay, punishment, quality, and response effort
- BForce, punishment, reinforcement, stimulus control, and motivation.
- CResponse effort, delay, time of day, individual differences, and inter-response time.
- DCumulative responses, aversive control, timing, quantity, and qualitative choice.
35Choice...
- Ais only determined by an individual’s genetic history
- Bcan be used as a antecedent manipulation
- Ccan be used as a consequence
- Dis only measured but we are never able to influence someone’s choice
- EB and C
36Scouts on the Combat Team can search to the east or west of Pontio Base Five. Which would NOT increase the likelihood they will search to the east?
- AThe east is easier to reach by foot
- BThere are fewer Infected to the east
- CThere are more resources to the west
- DThere are more infected to the west
37The Healers want to ensure that more civilians read the infection prevention pamphlets they have made. What would make it less likely that people will read them?
- AThe language is easy to read
- BThey are printed in bold
- CThe response effort is decreased
- DThe response effort is increased
38In the matching law, what does Re represent?
- AExtraneous reinforcement: that occurs outside of what we are measuring
- BExternal reinforcement: outside the person
- CExternal responses: what we can measure
- DExtraneous reinforcement: that occurs within complex schedules
39Choice responding to an alternative can be measured by:
- AThe number of responses only
- BThe discriminative stimulus
- CThe number of responses or time allocated
- DThe value of the schedule
40What is the ‘take home message’ of the matching law in regards to explaining choice?
- ADiscriminative stimuli shape choices
- BResponses match reinforcers
- CChoice cannot be measured
- DPreference is more important than choice
Información
- Descripción
- Questions from Missions 3 and 4
- Autor
- Rachel Smith
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 439
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
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