Test
Lecture 36: Adrenal glands, adrenaline, cortisol and stress
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Preguntas del test (22)
1Growth hormone receptors become functional homodimers when GH is present.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
2The adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla derive from [blank_start]different[blank_end] embryonic tissue. The cortex is [blank_start]yellow[blank_end], while the medulla is [blank_start]red or grey[blank_end].
- Adifferent
- Bthe same
- Cyellow
- Dred or grey
3Choose the incorrect statement about the adrenal cortex.
- AIt has 3 layers.
- BEach layer produces a different peptide hormone.
- CThe middle layer secretes cortisol.
4Choose the correct statements about the adrenal medulla.
- AIt is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system.
- BIt secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline.
- CIt secretes cortisol.
- DIt is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system.
5Cortisol travels bound to a carrier protein.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
6Cortisol is a [blank_start]steroid[blank_end] hormone which can permeate the membrane. Within the [blank_start]cytoplasm[blank_end], it binds to a mobile [blank_start]receptor[blank_end], and forms a hormone-receptor complex that migrates to the [blank_start]nucleus[blank_end] and binds to DNA at [blank_start]specific[blank_end] sites. Specific genes are activated to up-regulate [blank_start]transcription[blank_end] of mRNA. In the cytoplasm, mRNA [blank_start]translates[blank_end] and synthesizes a new protein.
- Asteroid
- Bcytoplasm
- Creceptor
- Dnucleus
- Especific
- Ftranscription
- Gtranslates
7Choose the incorrect statement about the indirect effects of cortisol via proteins.
- AThe protein can enhance or inhibit processes in the target cells.
- BIn the liver, cortisol inhibits enzyme expression needed for gluconeogenesis.
- CIt raises the blood glucose level via glucose synthesis in the liver.
8The effects or cortisol are slow (hours to days).
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
9Either stress or non-stress neural inputs (e.g. circadian rhythm or [blank_start]low[blank_end] blood glucose level) can stimulate the [blank_start]hypothalamus[blank_end] to release [blank_start]corticotropin[blank_end] releasing hormone (CRH). CRH travels via capillaries to the [blank_start]anterior[blank_end] pituitary gland and [blank_start]stimulates[blank_end] of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH travels via the bloodstream and reaches the kidney's [blank_start]adrenal glands[blank_end] where it stimulates release of cortisol.
- Alow
- Bhypothalamus
- Ccorticotropin
- Dcortisol
- Eanterior
- Fstimulates release
- Gadrenal glands
10The metabolic effects of cortisol [blank_start]inhibit[blank_end] glucose uptake by cells in muscle and fat. In skeletal muscle, there is also stimulation of protein [blank_start]synthesis[blank_end], and in fat, there is also stimulation of [blank_start]triglyceride[blank_end] breakdown. In the [blank_start]liver[blank_end], gluconeogenesis is [blank_start]enhanced[blank_end].
The other effects of cortisol are that it aids in coping with stress in the [blank_start]short[blank_end] term and that it [blank_start]suppresses[blank_end] the immune system in the [blank_start]long[blank_end] term.- Ainhibit
- Bstimulate
- Ctriglyceride
- Dliver
- Eenhanced
- Fshort
- Glong
- Hsuppresses
- Isynthesis
- Jbreakdown
11(Choose all correct statements).
Cortisol secretion:- Ais mildly pulsatile
- Bpeaks when you wake up
- Cpeaks during the night
- Dis continuous
12Irregular sleep will affect the pattern of cortisol secretion.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
13Which of these are NOT functions of cortisol?
- AIncreasing blood glucose levels
- BMetabolising/breaking down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
- CEnhancing immune responses
- DAnti-inflammatory action
- ECNS activation
- FRegulation of heart and blood vessel tone and contraction
- GPNS activation
- HInhibition of glycogenolysis
14Which of these is not an effect of low cortisol levels?
- AFatigue
- BSleep disruption
- CImpaired thyroid function
- DMild depression
- ELow blood glucose levels
- FLow blood pressure
- GHyperglycemia
- HInflammation
15Addison's disease results from adrenal [blank_start]cortex[blank_end] dysfunction: low cortisol and aldosterone levels. Low cortisol levels mean that cortisol will not properly feed back negatively to the [blank_start]anterior pituitary gland[blank_end], meaning more ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is released into the blood. ACTH stimulates melanin synthesis and bronzing of the [blank_start]skin[blank_end] is observed. Other symptoms include [blank_start]low[blank_end] blood glucose level, low blood pressure, fatigue, weakness, and unexplained [blank_start]weight[blank_end] loss.
- Acortex
- Bmedulla
- Canterior pituitary gland
- Dhypothalamus
- Eskin
- Flow
- Ghigh
- Hweight
- Ihair
16Overproduction of ACTH due to low cortisol levels in the blood can lead to a high sodium, low potassium content in the blood.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
17Cushing syndrome is a result of [blank_start]too much[blank_end] cortisol. Symptoms include [blank_start]high[blank_end] blood pressure and glucose levels, weakness, fat deposition in the face, neck and trunk (particularly [blank_start]abdomen[blank_end]), edema (swelling), muscular [blank_start]atrophy[blank_end], and [blank_start]loss[blank_end] of bone mass.
- Atoo much
- Blow
- Chigh
- Dabdomen
- Eatrophy
- Fhypertrophy
- Gloss
- Hincrease
18Adrenaline is a peptide hormone.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
19Adrenaline acts via a secondary messenger.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
20Adrenaline alters enzyme activity in the liver to inhibit glycogenolysis.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
21Response to adrenaline acts in seconds or minutes.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
22Adrenaline is an exception to peptide hormones as it is stored.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
Información
- Descripción
- • Describe the structure and location of the adrenal glands. • Name the main hormones made and released by the adrenal glands. • Outline the sequence of events that results in the secretion of cortisol and how cortisol secretion is regulated. • Describe the metabolic effects of cortisol on each type of target cell and state other major effects of cortisol. • Describe the metabolic effects of adrenaline on each type of target cell. • List the components of the stress response.
- Autor
- Mer Scott
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 43
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
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