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Human Bio Exam 1
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- 1organizedex. cells (tissue)- most function together
if falls apart- disease or death - 2MetabolismAcquire energy & material
- 3Grow & DevelopGrow- pull together
Develop- genetic information - 4HomeostasisMaintain stability
-balance (sugar) (body temperature) - 5IrritabilityRespond to stimuli
-aware (senses) - 6Evolveex. antibiotics
- 7Sciencea tool for certain things
limited in application - 8Scientific Methodobservation
question
hypothesis
experimentation - 9Hypothesis- dis-provability/idea must be falsifiable
ex. blondes have more fun. (cant measure fun.)
- educated guess. - 10inductive reasoningleads to generalization
(ex. look at enough you can generalize) - 11generalizationcan be subjected to tests that might disprove them.
- 12atomsthe smallest unit of matter that retains an element physical & chemical properties.
- 13mattersubstances that have mass (weight) and take up space.
- 14nucleus- where positively charged protons & neutral neutrons are located.
- negatively charged electrons orbit it in shells. - 15Atomic theoryconfident; pretty certain
- 16Theoryguess (real world)
- 17Theory: Cell gene evolution- cell: all organisms composed of cells
- gene: organisms contain coded information that dictates their form
- evolution: all living things have a common ancestor. Each adapted to a particular way of life. - 18Goal of scienceUnderstanding
- 19objectivitymaking decisions with out being bias
- 20pseudoscienceshould have evidence.
should sound like science. - 21CHON NACLP-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen
-Nitrogen
-Sodium
-Chlorine
-Phosphorus - 22How do we define elements?by the number of protons
- 23radioactive14
6 C - 24Atomic weight Atomic numbernumber->14
weight--> 6 C - 25Atomic numberprotons
- 26Isotopesatoms that differ in the number of neutrons.
- 27Radioactive Isotopesspontaneously decays, giving off rays and subatomic particles.
- 28Carbon-14Half life- measurement of radioactive decay.
- 29half life1->1/2 one half life
1/2->1/4 one half life
1/4-> 1/8 one half life
-calculate of count the number of half-lives.
-multiply times the length of each half-life. - 30Ionsare particles that carry a positive or negative charge
ex. NaCl
NA-, Cl+ - 31Moleculea group of atoms of the same element bonded together
- 32Compounda group of atoms of different elements bonded together.
- 33Covalent Reactionatoms share electrons in covalent bonds instead of losing or gaining them.
- 34Single Bondwhen atoms share a single pair of electrons.
- 35Double Bondis formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons
- 36Triple Bondis formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons.
- 37Water-water molecules are held together by strong covalent bonds.
-water is a polar molecule - 38Hydrogen bondsindividual molecules
weak to other water molecules. - 39Aciddissociates in water and releases more hydrogen ions H+ ( or less OH)
- 40Basestake up hydrogen ions (H+) or release hydroxide ions (OH-)
- 41pH Scalemeasures acidity or alkalinity of a solution (neutral = 7)
- acidic < 7 (H-)
- basic > 7 (OH-) - 42Blood pH-Brain responds to pH of blood.
-acidic blood (high CO2) triggers respiration
-lungs and kidneys work together to maintain pH homeostasis - 43Molecules of Life- carbohydrates
- lipids
- protein
-nucleic acids - 44Carbohydratesquick source of energy
ex. sugars; combination of sugars - 45monosaccharides-simple sugars
- glucose
-fructose (common in fruit - 46disaccharides-sucrose (combination of glucose & fructose)
- 47sucroseflows through blood stream
- 48polysaccharide-sugar molecules connected together
- 49starchplants (potatoes) & rice
- 50cellulosepant cell wall (cant digest)
- 51Lipidscontain more energy per gram than any other biological molecule
-don't dissolve in water
-absence of polar groups
(CHO) - 52Fats-animal origin, solid at room temperature.
- 53Oils-plant origin, solid at room temperature
- 54Triglicerides-3 fatty acids
- 55Phospholipidscontain a phosphate head and fatty acid tail
(cell membrane) - made up from phospholipids - 56Emulsifiera food additive used to stabilize processed foods.
- any chemical that helps dissolve and stick to a fat. - 57Steroids-is a lipid with a backbone of poor fused carbon rings (not a protein)
-testosterone
-estrogen - 58proteinsare macromolecules wit amino acid subunit
- an amino acid has a central carbon atom bond to a hydrogen and three groups (egg whites) - 59Nucleic Acidshuge macromolecules composed of nucleotides.
- 60nucleotideis constructed of phosphate.
-DNA is covered up by proteins - 61Genomeconcept of looking at every gene and how they interact
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- Fichas sobre Human Bio Exam 1, creado por Sabrina Rackley el 24/09/2018.
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- Sabrina Rackley
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